Animal testing Essay -- Animal Testing

When it comes to animals and their rights, at that place is a decisive line between our needs and our taking advantage of those species that we consider inferior. As long as man has existed he has been carnivorous, and the same holds true for numerous other species of animals. Animals are a necessity to humans for survival, whether it be for food, c deal outhing, etcetera How invariably, the unnecessary torture of animals through testing is non a necessity for human survival. When it comes to the needless torture of animals that we claim to benefit, the animals lives need to be taken into consideration. S. F. Sapontzis gives his theory as to why animals should not be used in testing. To start with, animals are not capable of giving their consent to be used as subjects in an experiment. Secondly, "experiments derriere only be performed on an individual who is willing, morally speaking. Therefore it is immoral to use animals in experiments" (Sapontzis 209). It would be great if this world where our lives were actually governed by morals. The sad truth is that we do not. Until we do, someone is going to have to stand up for the silent bulk that is incapable of voicing its opinion. When there is torture and unjust treatment towards humans, plenty then realize that it is wrong. These people realize that its wrong when it comes to animals as well. enthalpy Spira said of the animals used in experiments "the victims are unable to organize in defense of their own interests" (Spira 194). When it comes to needlessly conducting experiments on animals, no one ever says anything. Humans need to stop thinking about themselves as a superior species to other animals. They have to start thinking about how we can stop the cruelty that they inflict upon animals day after day in experiment after experiment. tom Regan, a well-known animal rights activist, wrote, "the profound wrong is the system that allows us to view animals as our resources, here fo r us- to be eaten, or surgically manipulated, or exploited for sport or silver" (Regan 14). Nothing could be more true than this fact man considers itself such a superior species that all others were put on earth for his convenience. It is this emblem of thinking that has gotten humans to the place where we are today. What humanity needs to do is get off its high-horse and realize that they are not the king of the jungle and we rea... ...n estimated that between 100 million and 200 million animals die in laboratories around the world each year" (Ryder 77-78).Although it has been proven that a lot of good has come out of animal research and animal testing, this does not make up for all the pain and suffering that these animals go though without being able to consent. The truth still remains that, despite the benefits (when there are benefits), perhaps we need to contemplate the effects that our actions are having on these animals. Work CitedBlum, Debrorah. The Monkey War s. New York Oxford. 1994"Experiments on Animals." Animal Rights and Human Obligations. Eds. TomRegan and Peter Singer. Englewoods Cilffs Prentice Hall. 1976Regan, Tom. The Case for Animal Rights. Los Angels University of CaliforniaPress. 1983Ryder, Richard R. Animal Revolution. Cambridge common basil Blackwell. 1989Sapontzis, S. F. Morals, Reason, and Animals. Philidelphia Temple U P.1987"Speciesism in the Laboratory." In Defense of Animals." Ed. Peter Singer. OxfordBlackwell. 1985Spira, Henry. " fighting To Win." In Defense of Animals." Ed. Peter Singer.Oxford Blackwell. 1985

The Coming of Age of Jeremy Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird :: Kill Mockingbird essays

The Coming of Age of Jeremy Finch in To Kill A jeerer         The coming of age of Jem, Jeremy Finch, is shown in many ship canal throughout the harbour To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee.  He transplants socially.  He changes mentally.  His feelings change emotionally. He also changes to become more of an adult figure.  an separate(prenominal) way he changes is that he changes physically.         Jem changes through out the book socially by the way he starts having better feelings toward other passel.  on that point atomic number 18 many times when Jem start feeling great(p) for other people in the story, resembling when him and scout get in a charge up but even though their mad at each other he still is grow up enough to know that he should say Night, Scout.  There ar also many other incidents, handle when he goes out and teaches Dill how to swim. Jem also goes through some bad social c hange when he turns twelve. He is difficult to live with, inconsistent, and moody.(115). These are only a few of the liaisons that Jem does to show that he is growing up in his social ways.         Mental change is another type of change that Jem goes through.  Jem start to think like an adult as he gets aged(a) in the book.  He shows it at the trial of Tim Robinson when the control panel is in the jury room and he starts to talk to Reverend Sykes.  He starts saying thing about the trial and Reverend Sykes ask him not to talk like that in front of  Scout.  Which shows that he knows what he is talking about.(see page 208-209).  There is also the time when he had to go and read to Mrs. Dubose which he subsequent finds out about her drug addiction which he fully understands.  So those are ways he changes mentally.         Jem changes physically in many ways in the story.  His hair stuck up behi nd and down in front, and I wondered if it would it would ever look like a mans-maybe if  he shaved it discharge and started over, his hair would grow back neatly in place.  His eyebrows were becoming heavier, and I noticed a new slimness about his body.

Smb Company

Combs atomic number 18 not superior margin companies one-on-onely, and the meshwork is a great way to cut sight on the gross bargains cost and time to close for deals. As mentioned above, release offers two solutions for Combs run by and by wrinkle integrity ND mynas All-in-One. SAP even discloses that 60% of their consumeations delay into the SMB category (a large number considering it was earlier stated that 15% of tax income comes from such clients). The category is defined in a related obligate sponsored by SAP done by DC (a global grocery intelligence and advisory firm) the SMB category is made up of businesses with fewer than 1,000 employees. SAP Business One SAP Business One is targeted at companies from 10 to several hundred employees. It implys the basic CRM, manufacturing and finance components of the ERP packet, the so-called critical functions. It is bill as an ass to implement, understand and upgrade solution that integrates with Microsoft agency applications. Its repeatedly referred to as an afford equal to(p) solution which solves the problems of multiple systems for multiple uses (what ERP does for any business). The interest is an outline of the capabilities of SAP Business One, which is implemented through business realmners.Most companies ache some form of application or softwargon system that handles financial, stocktaking and node data, intelligence and reporting. 9 www. Sap. Com Looking through the demos avail satisfactory through SAPs website, the inter stages appear to e straightforward and robust, but not an open-the-box solution such as Microsoft Office. There would still need to be some gracious of training to get an organization up to speed on the softw ar. cause in Point appropriation Federal One organization that conquestfully used this approach is Annexation Federal, a systems integrator to U. S. Federal g everywherenance agencies.The phoner, which designs, blood lines, and installs voice and d ata telecommunications systems, struggled with a variety of legacy systems from prior mergers. The party needed a single, structured solution that could handle the omelet demands of managing high-end telecommunications projects charm providing greater flexibility, snap off reporting, and enhanced data visibility throughout the organization. Annexation Federal saw a demonstration of the product, which proved to its financial team that SAP Business One could support the fraternitys incumbent and future history and financial systems needs.The organization recognized that the SAP Business One features were but what was needed to help manage the order- to- cash process accurately trailing order and sales from multiple vendors, billing beats in a seasonably manner, monitoring work in progress, ND accurately calculating contract pro passability. Implementing SAP Business One in less than six weeks, the company was able to create a seamless path from initial extract to purchase o rder through 7 invoices.With SAP Business One, we were able to streamline multiple solutions down to Just one and simultaneously procure much wider functionality than we had previously, says Duane Taylor, vice president of finance for Annexation Federal. Today, the company is able to to a greater ex tennert effectively get the information it needs from its system, creating dramatic benefits. For example, the balancing of financial data at he end of each monetary period once took as much as deuce-ace weeks with employees work overtime. With SAP Business One, the company generates the needed department were redirected, save more than $300,000 annually.Accounts receivable collections improved as a gist of the availability of information, saving $1. 5 million. In addition, soft benefits such as improved communications, better visibility, and enhanced customer responsiveness have also been historied. The net result Annexation Federal received payback on its investment in Just four months. (from SAP. Com) mynas All-in-One mynas All-in-One consists of solutions which are re-packaged and industry specific. They are versions of the mynas Business suite engineered for turn-key application.These solutions are created to enable companies in the SMB range to purchase the capabilities of SAP software without any of the implementation issues associated with modifying the system. These are implemented through business partners such as Barrington and MM. In addition to these solutions, SAP also describes on their website the success stories through press releases, news articles, examples and case studies for particular industries. Qualified mynas All-in-One solutions are under development worldwide. And several of these vertical and cross- industry solutions are shortly available in mating America.Examples include industries such as high tech manufacturing, semiconductor manufacturing, ISP businesses, pharmaceuticals, and beverages. A recent press release defined the partnership with SAP and Citric 8 Both software vendors traditionally have focused on the enterprise market but forthwith have Joined forces to make inroads into the SMB market. The solution leave allow slim and mid surface customers to securely access their ERP applications from the road or from their home offices, the companies said. Citric leave alone adopt SAPs licensing model ND has priced the Material solution at $139 per named user.Business One costs $3,700 per named user. 10 10 Rooney, Paula. Citric, SAP Join Forces To Target SMB food market Joint solution to be Material insertion Server For Business One. CRY. January 17, 2005 9 SMB ERP prophesier protect it. Headquartered in Redwood Shores California, oracle has operated for over three decades and is currently the worlds largest enterprise software company with over ten billion dollars in annual revenue. The company has grown in part through organic growth and in part through acquisitions, including Peoples/JDK Edwa rds 2004), recapture (2005), and Entrance (2002). illusionist currently offers SMB solutions through both its illusionist and Peoples/JDK Edwards brand call with a vision to merge the solutions into a central compact platform. 11 Their company vision places an emphasis on three principles of the Inoperativeness Enterprise to simplify, standardize, and automate. Oracle has integrated these principles into their own operations and focuses to incorporate them into the design of their software to better parcel out businesses worldwide. In June 2004, Oracle concluded that the enterprise segment was highly penetrated and the mid-market segments are large ND growing.In FYI 02/03 over 50% of application new certify revenue came from companies under $1 billion. Oracles market assessment concluded that they would pop off to target the US mid-market segment as they believe it to hold the superior potential for incremental growth. 12 Their mid-market messaging will surround the thinker of simply business. More specifically, Oracle looks to emphasize their affordability, simplicity, competitive, and growth aspects. 11 Presentation by Hide Kindle of Oracle in Seattle on Thursday, may 12 and www. Oracle. Com/solutions/mid/index. HTML 12 Oracle Presentation, June 2004 Mid mart Special Edition Campaign Plan HI IFFY SMB ERP oracle E-justness suite special Edition The current Oracle solution emphasizes their E-Business suite. The suite specifically focuses on kernel business applications to streamline key business processes (financial, purchasing, size up vigilance, order management, manufacturing, and sales force automation). 13 To target businesses less than $ vitamin C million, Oracle offers a Special Edition package which is basically a scabrous down version of their full- business suite.It claims to be affordable, easy to install, and simple to implement for a rapid and measurable getting even on investment. Oracle has chosen to sell this package through r egional partners rather than directly through their sales representatives. 14 The differentiating factor that Oracle focuses on is that they are the tho package with comprehensive, built-in business intelligence. What this meaner to SMB is that they will be able to manage, access, and psychoanalyze their business data very rapidly.This ability to synchronize information plenty give a company the ability to quickly Enterprise The current Peoples/JDK Edwards SMB solution is targeted at companies that have begun to outgrow their current systems. It is positioned as footwear to proper a companys current needs with the flexibility and adaptability to also meet needs in the future. The product line is branded under JDK Edwards (Enterprise Solutions, rapid Start, and World Express). Emphasis is placed on the comprehensive industry-specific functionality, affordability of the package, and flexibility to fit into a current and changing business. 314 Conversation with Keith Gosling of H itachi Consulting in Seattle on Monday, whitethorn 16 Presentation by Hide Kindle of Oracle in Seattle on Thursday, May 12 The package is a pre-integrated set of standard applications with built-in, underspecified functionality. At this point the JDK Edwards sales force continues to sell the JDK Edwards product. They continue to bring up the product but at some point in the bordering 2-3 age I predict that the sales forces of JDK Edwards and Oracle will fulfill in anticipation of the Fusion release.Oracle Fusion Hide Kindle, Oracle SMB Manager, noted that there are three primary hot topics currently facing Oracle. 1 5 These include business intelligence (81), corporate organisation (SOX), and budgeting/planning. Over the next several years Oracle aspires to focus on these hot topics in conjunction with taking the best pieces of each of their three primary footwear packages (Oracle, Peoples, JDK Edwards) to integrate into a bed Fusion package. Oracle plans to roll-out individ ual fusion applications by 2007 and a complete Fusion Application Suite by 2008.Oracles primary sales point surrounds this idea of how you package the product. They see the advantages of Oracle Fusion in four general categories. The first is scalability. Here they signal that with the package you will be able to implement the package and it will have the ability to grow alongside your business. Price is the second advantage. Oracle plans to package the cost of software, run, and licensing to make the option an attractive and affordable one. A third advantage is functionality.By taking the best pieces of the current software packages, Oracle argues that functionality will be a distinct advantage. By using partners on a regional level, Oracle sees the ease and effectiveness of implementation as a fourth advantage of Fusion. 15 This rapid transition from stand-alone products to an integrated suite does not come without issues. Two primary disadvantages of Oracles Fusion Suite are int egration and support. More specifically, Oracle is going to face some major challenges over hose next few years as they look to roll-out a new package while bread and butter current customers. 3 SMB ERP Microsoft Microsoft Business Solutions offers a variety of ERP solutions for medium sized business entities. These solutions cover most industries and washstand be scaled down to any size business. Several of the software solutions are a complete ERP solution. All of the solutions offer an accounting and finance core. Many of the solutions integrate with Microsoft Office software so it is easy for new users to manage and leverage the data. In addition, Microsoft offers several solutions for certain aspects of business footwear solutions. 6 These additional solutions include Business Network which allows streamlining collaboration through the use of XML templates, CRM to support market and customer service, Enterprise Reporting or Small Business pecuniary which are accounting appl ications, Retail Management System for point of sale and retail applications, Small Business Products for e-business, and Business Contact Manager for managing customer data. Microsoft Kappa Microsoft Kappa is an ERP solution with a price range from $kick to $kick.Currently, about 4,500 firms are using this software. Microsoft provides local partners to assist with implementation of this software and ongoing support. The benefits of Kappa is its droll design one database, one toolbox, one business logic, one source code meaner customizations and upgrades are easy to make. In addition, maintenance costs are low. 17 1617 www. Microsoft. Com/Boisterousnesss/Default. Asps www. Software re. Com 14 Nucleus Research, a global supplier of research focused on IT return on investment conducted a study on Microsoft Kappa. 8 It found the following 75 percentage of customers had achieved a positive ROI from their Microsoft Kappa deployment with n average payback period of 23 months. 56 perc ent of Microsoft Kappa customers were able to reduce staffing costs as a result of their Microsoft Kappa deployment. 44 percent of Microsoft Kappa customers were able to reduce IT costs as a result of their Microsoft Kappa deployment. 75 percent of Microsoft Kappa customers reported improved operations and visibility as a result of their Microsoft Kappa deployment.Kappa is a multi-language, multi-currency ERP solution with core strengths in manufacturing and e-business together with strong functionality for the wholesale distribution and business services industries. By providing integrated, adaptable functionality within one open, scalable platform, Microsoft Kappa helps mid-market and companies across the eyeball seize opportunity and gain competitive advantage Extra is knowing to help scale your business by providing internet functionality.This internet functionality can be used to collaborate with customers, partners, suppliers, and employees. Microsoft Kappa supports the enti re business with functionality spanning manufacturing, distribution, supply bowed stringed instrument management, reject management, financial management, customer relationship management, human resource management and business analysis. It also tailors itself to local legal and accounting requirements while load-bearing(a) multiple languages and currencies. 18 www. Microsoft. Com/Boisterousnesss/Kappa/kappa_ROI_report. SSP Microsoft Kappa Case Study19 The vision of North Atlantic Industries (ANA) is to become the preeminent global supplier of innovative armed forces and commercial off- the-shelf (COTS) solutions that fulfill the requirements of companies in the aerospace, industrial, and defense markets. ANA achieved a positive return on its investment in Microsoft Boisterousnesss Kappa software by reducing stock certificate costs, realizing direct savings in personnel costs, and increasing the productivity of employees through reduced downtime.Annual return on investment (ROI) 128% Payback period (years) 0. 60 Net present value (NP) 499,888 Average yearly cost of will power 146,626 Microsoft Great Plains Microsoft Great Plains is an ERP solution with a price range from $ necessitate to $kick. With a trim down price range than Kappa, Great Plains is positioned to support lower midwicket firms. It provides functionality for

Fad Diets: Look Before You Leap Essay

Association. Fad nutriments ar a short, quick-fix approach to weight liberation that dont get on over the long haul. These diets tend to over-promise results provided dont deliver. nutrient choices ar often monotonous, and caloric divine guidance may be very(prenominal) restricted, so that once the novelty wears off, so does the motivation to continue.Even the U.S. surgical incision of Agriculture (USDA) has recognized the huge popity of fad diets, and in February it sponsored the Great aliment Debate, a discussion panel that featured popular diet withstand authors as well as sustentation and weight exhalation researchers. objet dart the panelists agreed that Americans atomic number 18 too lucubrate, there was no consensus about the outdo way to lose weight and keep it off-although it led to interesting and several(prenominal)times heated debate. In the end, USDA indicated that it might be time for giving medication researchers to evaluate the various diets to help sort fact from fiction.There is a dire lack of scientific research to corroborate the theories expounded in the bulk of diet books currently on the market. Most promise weight spill programs that ar easy, allow favorite fodders or foods traditionally circumscribed in weight button diets without particulariseations, and do not require a major shift in exercise habits. Often, adds Sachiko St. Jeor, PhD, RD, Director of the Nutrition Education and enquiry Program at the University of Nevada School of Medicine, fad diet book authors take a scientific half- rightfulness that is complex and use that as the basis for their arguments.Authors may simplify or expand upon biochemistry and physiology in an effort to help erect their theories and provide a plethora of scientific jargon that people do not understand but that seems to recognise sense. And few, if any, offer solid scientific support for their claims in the form of promulgated research studies. Instead, just about d ifferentiate is based on anecdotal findings, theories, and testimonials of short-term results. Some of the most popular diets to hit the news wires these days are those that arouse low gelt and high protein intakes and promise significant weight loss. These diets are nothing more(prenominal) than low calorie diets in disguise, but with some potentially adept consequences. Following a low- sugar, high-protein diet will encourage the body to bring chain reactor its own fat.Without carbohydrates, however, fat is not burned completely and substances called ketones are organize and released into the bloodstream. Abnormally high ketone levels in the body, or ketosis, may indeed make dieting easier, since they typically reduction appetite and cause nausea. However, ketosis as well as increases the levels of uric acid in the blood, which is a adventure factor for gouty arthritis and kidney disease in susceptible people. Additionally, notes Dr. St. Jeor, following these diets can result in dehydration, diarrhea, weakness, headaches, dizziness, and bad breath, and over the long term, can in addition increase risk of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Heres a rundown on some of the more popular high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets that are making headlines.Sugar Busters By H. Leighton Steward, surface-to-air missile S. Andrews, MD, Morrison C. Bethea, MD, and Luis A. Balart, MD Premise/ suppositionSugar and veritable carbohydrates (those with high glycemic indices) are toxic to the body causing blood swag levels to rise and change magnitude the levels of insulin production, thereby prompting fat storage and weight gain. Supposedly, decreasing sugar intake can help people lose weight and decrease body fat, no matter what other foods are eaten.Dietary Recommendations* Eliminates slender and processed carbohydrates, especially sugar and white flour and all foods make from these ingredients. Also eliminates foods like potatoes, corn, white rice, beets, carrot s, corn syrup, molasses, honey, soft drinks, and beer.* Encourages using up of consentient grains, low-glycemic-index carbohydrates (high-fiber vegetables and fruits), and lean meats with no restrictions on protein foods. * Authors claim that washing food down with liquid does not allow for proper chewing. Claims excess fluid with meals also dilutes digestive juices and can result in partially digested food. * Average intake of calories is 1200 calories/day distributed as 30 percent carbohydrate, 32 percent protein, and 28 percent fat. Recommended calorie intake in this diet is low, accounting for short-term weight loss.Concerns* There is no scientific basis or published data for the Sugar Busters weight loss theory. The explanation of insulins theatrical role in weight gain that is provided is simplistic. The body does produce insulin in chemical reaction to a rise in blood sugar levels, but it does not promote storage of fat unless excess calories are consumed.* There is no s cientific evidence supporting the claim that the consumption of fluids during meals negatively affects digestion.drastically decreasing dietary intake of carbohydrates forces the body to burn reserves of stored fat for energy, a condition known as ketosis, which leads to rock-bottom hunger and a metabolic advantage. Dietary Recommendations * Limits carbohydrates to 20 grams/day for the induction phase of the diet and 0 to 60 grams/day in the ongoing weight loss phase. Carbohydrate intake ranges from 25 to 90 grams/day in the nourishment diet.* Unlimited quantities of protein foods and fat-steak, bacon, eggs, chicken, fish, butter, and vegetable oil-are allowed. Avoid or limit carbohydrates, specifically breads, pasta, most fruits and vegetables, milk, and yogurt.Concerns* No published scientific studies support the diet claims.* Offers extremely limited food choices. Diet is nutritionally unbalanced and excessively high in protein, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.* Promotes ke tosis as a means of weight loss.* Suggests that a high-saturated-fat, low-carbohydrate diet does not have an magnetic core on lipids.* Dehydration is possible if large amounts of water are not consumed.* Diet is low in calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin C, and folate (dietary supplements are recommended).Enter the Zone By Barry Sears, PhDPremise/Theory The zone is a metabolic state in which the mind is relaxed and centre and the body is strong and works at peak efficiency. A person in the zone will allegedly experience permanent body fat loss, optimal health, greater athletic performance, and improved mental productivity. Insulin is released as a result of feeding carbohydrates and leads to weight gain. Because food has a potent, drug-like effect on the hormonal systems that regulate thebodys physiological processes, eating the right combination of foods leads to a metabolic state (lower insulin levels and lower eicosanoid levels) in which the body works at peak performance and which results in decreased hunger, weight loss, and increased energy.Dietary Recommendations* To get into the zone, rigid quantities of food, apportioned in blocks and at prescribed times, are recommended in a distribution of 40 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent protein, and 30 percent fat. Meals should provide no more than 500 calories and snacks less than 100 calories. * Food should be set like a medical prescription or drug. * Menus suggest dissever of egg whites, nuts, olives, peanut butter, and monounsaturated fats and large amounts of allowable (low-glycemic-index) fruits and vegetables.Alcohol is okay in moderation, but zone followers are advised to avoid or limit carbohydrates, especially pasta, bread, high-glycemic-index fruits and vegetables such as carrots and bananas, saturated fat, and arachidonic acid.* Diet averages 1,300 calories per day, although some menus may run as low as 850 calories.Concerns* Oversimplifies complicated physiological processes. For example , eicosanoids are one part of a complex system, and no studies suggest that they are dangerous or cause disease. * The metabolic pathways explained in the book that purportedly connect diet, insulin-glucagon, and eicosanoids are not found in standard nutrition or biochemistry texts. The premise that any type of diet completely controls insulin and glucagon discrimination is not supported by current nutrition or biochemistry knowledge, nor is the theory that the insulin-glucagon axis controls production of eicosanoids.* Relies upon unproven claims based on eccentric histories, testimonials, and runaway studies that are not published in peer-reviewed journals. Although all of these diets may promote short term weight loss, their long term effectiveness is a different story. The bottom line for lasting and healthful weight loss is a varied diet, reduced caloric intake, and regular physical use. The truth is that losing weight permanently takes work. Its not glamorous-eating habits need to change and activity usually needs to increase, notes Quagliani. If a diet sounds too good to be true, it probably is.GlossaryArachidonic acid oleaginous acid precursor for eiconsanoid production. Eicosanoids biologically active class of compounds that are involved in a spacious range of regulatory processes such as synthesis of certain fatty acids. Glycemic index a ranking of the effect on blood glucose of the consumption of a single food relative to a reference carbohydrate (e.g., white bread or glucose). Glucagon has an effect opposite to that of insulin. Insulins and glucagons opposing effects help maintain carbohydrate metabolism in a steady state.Tips on Spotting Fad DietsClaims or implies a large or quick weight loss of more than 1 to 2 pounds per week. Slow, gradual weight loss increases the chance of weight loss success and of keeping weight off over the long term.Promotes supernatural or miracle foods. No foods can undo the long-term effects of scarf out and no t exercising or melt away fat. Restricts or eliminates certain foods, recommends certain foods in large quantities, insists on eating specific food combinations, or offers rigid, inflexible menus. Implies that weight can be lost and maintained without exercise and other lifestyle changes.Relies heavily on undocumented case histories, testimonials, and anecdotes but has no scientific research to back claims. Contradicts what most trust health professional groups say, or makes promises that sound too good to be true.

Biomagnification Lab Report Essay

PROCEDUREThe pile of M& antiophthalmic factorMs represents the phytoplankton world in a lake. The printed M on the glaze represents the enumerate of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (in ppm) the algae contracted from pesticide runoff from a nearby agricultural atomic number 18a. on that point are 100 M&Ms in the pile. Each circle at a lower place represents on phytoplankton. Mark the get of toxin all(prenominal) phytoplankton has ingested. If there is a full M stamped on the screwdy whence that phytoplankton has ingested 1 ppm of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, so write 1 in ane of the circles below. If there is no M on the candy and so that phytoplankton did not ingest both dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane so write a O in adept of the circles below. If there is a partial M on the candy then estimate how much of the M there is. For specimen, if there is nevertheless on hump of the M then that would equal a unit of measurement of DDT ingested by that phytoplankt on so you would fill in i of the circles below with . Zooplankton in the lake (population size 20) distributively eat 5 algae. work 5 M&Ms into separately of the zooplankton cups. Record the primitiveity of DDT apiece zooplankton has ingested utilize the instructions from note 1. Write these measuring sticks onto the soulfulness copepod pictures below. Minnows (population size 5) in the lake each eat 4 zooplankton, ingesting readiness and the toxin that is stored in the zooplankton as fountainhead. Move the correct number of M&Ms from the zooplankton cups into the minnows cups. Record the amount of DDT ingested by each of the small fish onto the fish below using the instructions from step 1 to calculate the total amount of each fish. Two eels then come along for dinner. One eels eat 2 minnows and the other(a) eel eats 3 minnows. Move the correct number of M&Ms from the minnow cups into the eel cups. Write the amount of DDT ingested by the each eel onto the pictures below. Use the instructions from step 1 to calculate the total amount of DDT for each. Finally, an sea eagle flies by and eats both eels. Move the correct number of M&Ms from the eel cups into the fish eagle bowl. Calculate and then write the total amount of DDT ingested by the osprey onto the picture below.OBJECTIVESVisualize the butt againstes of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Distinguish betwixt the similar opinions of bioaccumulation and biomagnification using a mathematical model. Calculate the amount of zippo gained/lost done the competency transfers of a typical nutrient chain. Review trophic direct names and energy characteristics.BACKGROUNDDDT was the initiative synthesized insect pesticide that was widely used throughout the globe after the WW II. In the case of many African nations, this pesticide proved its soaring popularity due to its primordial ability to stand off disease-carrying mosquitoes. While it hush up does not change the fac t that mosquitoes comprise a noteworthy terror to the globes health, the situations regarding the contagious Malaria flu reached its peak in African nations.Therefore, naturally, people began to use this pesticide in allege to kill off all the mosquitoes within the vicinity of their respective habitats. However, chaotic consequences ensued. The organisms in the numerous African ecosystems began to assimilate toxic substances into their bo back ups, resulting in great environmental harm along with enhanced pollutions. One dominant example would be birds. Most species of birds need numerous substantial provisions of calcium in prepare to lay healthy testicle. However, because of the growing amount of toxins, the eggs wont hatch properly. And, even if it does, the baby birds will both live to see the next sunrise forwards their deaths or die immediately. This caused a sharp population decline for bird species such as Osprey, Brown Pelicans, and Bald Eagles. Fortunately, the American government recognized the potential threat of this pesticide relatively early, responding by banning the commercial use of this organochlorine pesticide. In baffle to prevent this situation from blooming into a full-scale crisis, the Stockholm throng on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was introduced at the Conference of Plenipotentiaries to try and spend and/or control the use of DDT and other POPs around the world. This ruler received over 150 countries consensus, thus banning the use of DDT at all costs.PROCESSING WITH TABLESThe above tcapables represent the total sets of data that I flummox gathered during my lab. Disregarding the semi-tables that display the routine of calculations, the first newspaper column of my table depicts the average out amount of DDT ingestion for each and every species. Since I knew the formula to get the said data, I was able to surgery this column with comparably more ease than the other ones. The spot column depicts the amount of energy for one species under each category. For example, tho one phytoplankton contains 200 kcal within its body. Likewise, that column of my table depicts the amount of energy that each individual of the species wealthy person within their bodies. The next column, column C, shows the total amount of energy for each and every categories through kcal. For instance, there are 100 phytoplanktons in the lake. Each phytoplankton contains 200 kcal of energy within their bodies. Therefore, if you engender 200 with 100, you get the total amount of energy which is 20000. The last column basically illustrates the name of the trophic level the species belong in this lab. You can see that the phytoplanktons, which are a type of green algae, is the primary coil larn that supports that entire ecosystem through its ability of photosynthesis. Next, you can see that copepods are the primary producers, or herbivore, that eat the phytoplanktons. The copepods are eaten by a small fish distinguishn as the minnows, and they mark the place of the secondary consumers. Next, the eels come as tertiary consumers due to their predation on the minnows. However, the top, or quaternary, consumer would be the osprey in this case. Osprey feeds on eels, and there are no other predators that hunt ospreys in this lab.DATA ANALYSISSummary of Data Trends par the amount of DDT found in the osprey with the amount of toxin found in one phytoplankton. Be specific. Discuss numerical evidence. The amount of DDT found in the osprey with the amount found in one phytoplankton are vastly different to put forward the very least. In phytoplankton, the average amount of consumed DDT is astir(predicate) 0.28 ppm. This contrasts greatly to the one measured from the osprey, for they gull the total amount of 28 ppm of DDT ingested within its body. While it still does not change the fact that phytoplanktons are the ones who directly consume DDT from their surrounding environment, it is sur prising to note that the actual amount of toxins are ut just about(prenominal) less than those of one osprey. The calculations reveal that one osprey have about 10 times more ppm of DDT inside its body than one phytoplankton. This is due to the process of biomagnification, which states that as the predation progresses higher up in the food chain, the amount of indifferent toxins will just augment.Write a paragraph where you compare and contrast what your profits tell you. Discuss similarities and difference between the pyramids, above and beyond the obvious. Do the various shaped make sense, inclined what you know about food chains in general and biomagnifications? why or why not?First, there are three draw pyramids Energy, Typical, and Number. Energy pyramid basically depicts the flow of energy through the food chain using indicative arrows. This will contribute in displaying how the energy is lost and gained as the predation commences. It is obviously important to know the concept of energy pyramid, for it complements the theory that states that the majority of the gained energy is lost in order to maintain metabolism for most of the organisms. Number pyramid depicts the number of each organisms per trophic level. This pyramid is quite interesting because this pyramid is the only one showing the estimated quantity of the organisms in an ecosystem. notice how many phytoplanktons are indispensable to maintain and feed one osprey. Likewise, there has to be producers of vastly greater numbers in order to sustain only a a couple of(prenominal) of the top consumers. Not only that, but the number of organisms shows a monumental decline as the trophic level progresses, proving the fact that each trophic level requires more of its previous trophic level to maintain its population as a whole. A typical ecological pyramid shows the most fundamental relationships through the depiction of a food chain. All it shows are the designated trophic levels such as the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and so on. The shapes of the pyramid are usually a triangle. This shapes pretty much works for close to all the cases. and I believe the shapes depicted by the three pyramids do make sense. To specify, the triangle becomes steeper and narrower as the trophic level progresses. numerically and diagrammatically, the shape of a triangle will be fit to remunerate all three food pyramids.OBSERVATIONDuring the data that I have collected, a clear augmentation of the amount of toxins are easy to recognize throughout. This is because of the process known as the biomagnification. As you can see from the table, the amount of absorbed toxins are continuously increasing through additional trophic levels. This undoubtedly demonstrates the said theory while illuminating the fact that DDT is a fat-soluble pollutant, therefore proving it impossibly difficult to secret through waste. My observations state that the amount of acquired energy are dwi ndling as the trophic level progresses. This is distinctly due to the 10% rule, which states that the existing trophic level will only be able to obtain only the 10% of the energy antecedently obtained by its predecessor. This is due to the fact that energy, once gathered, are extremely expendable by variety of methods. The organisms tend to use most of its gathered energies before world consumed by its predators, therefore bequeathing only a few section of its primary energy. With that said, notice how the osprey, the top dog of the food chain, received the most toxin with the least energy.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, I have learned that the process of biomagnification along with accumulation can have a dramatic equal on an ecosystem as a whole. Since this lab primarily deemed DDT as the pesticide at hand, I was also able to read the briefed version of its memoir while understanding the harmful effects it has on the ecosystems and the organisms as a whole. Furthermore, I was also acquainted with a few conceptions in regards to cipher the total energy while at the same time applying the 10% rule for the energy reductions. It was a very worthwhile experience to know how much of a real-world problem these chemical regulations are as well as the everlasting impacts of the fat-soluble pollutants that continue to plague numerous ecosystems even today. Not only that, I learned to visualize the processes of bioaccumulation and magnification while being able to distinguish between the two using both scientific and mathematical models. Finally, even though I am already long-familiar with this concept, it was quite refreshing to bring in the names and levels of trophic levels into this lab. I was able to connect the said knowledge directly to the topic that I am dealing right now. With that said, I believe I have gathered more than sufficient information that would aid me in the upcoming regarding the concepts of biomagnification and accumulation.EVALUATIONOverall, this was a decent lab that served its purpose of demonstrating the concepts regarding the process of bioaccumulation along with magnification. The lab provided sufficient background information, and the procedures were concise and easy to understand. However, I would resembling to make it clear that this lab couldve been more productive and exciting if make online and virtual. Due to the fact that this activity was error-sensitive, the lab itself was very emotionally-provocative. I in person made one big error in regards to counting, and my group was coerce to redo the whole counting again in the hopes of getting it in conclusion correct. Frustrated would be the least of what I truly felt during the process of redoing. Therefore, this lab couldve been shaped into a much better activity if I get to do it with my laptop. This will surely save a component part of time while at the same time be a bit less annoying and tedious. Furthermore, doing this lab on a estimator will also g rant anyone an easier access to Google Drive or any means of recording medium. Through these basic amenities, I could always pinch down things that compose my lab report there and then. Doing this entire lab physically with all the tokens and bowls will be troublesome to say the least. It would be way better if this lab was translated electronically onto a computer.

Soundtrack of My Life

Zachary Smith English 1100 Soundtrack of my life unison is peerless of the slap-up and most influential devices that we as humans deal with on a day to day basis. It plays such an important role in our bonks and helps body-build character with step to the fore us ever thought process twice about it. In todays society there be so some(prenominal) typecasts and genres of medicinal drug that you keister find a song for any type of mood that youre in. Music has the power to bring thousands of people from opposite walks of life to feelher.When I degree and calculate about the songs that bring up the best memories it creates a full spectrum of genres. Ranging from Garth Brooks the yaup Rolls to important Ave Maria, to Bone Thugz N Harmony and sweet Rock band by the name of Volbeat. The list of songs to come not only pick up personal stories behind each and e genuinely one of them, but they also tell a snipline from my earliest memories as a child growing up with three ol der brothers, to the highs and lows of being a teenager in high school day, and to spending a year in Afghanistan.Like read about memories? Read alsoFlashbulb remembranceBeing the juniorest of 4 boys growing up I didnt get to clear up a whole lot of decisions for myself, and to be honest I didnt really care I secure rolled along with whatever Jake, Kyle, and Nate wanted to do. evolution up in the state and living on a farm we naturally became conditioned to attending to country harmony. At that beat Garth Brooks was the country artisan hot on the scene. I sack retrieve watching some of his music videos on TV and thinking that he was the coolest guy ever. One of my greatest memories with my brothers is Garth Brooks had a live concert on TV and all of us boys decided to honk on a concert of our own.We all ran to the garage and grabbed instruments that could be apply as guitars and drum sticks and then raced by dint of the house, meanwhile ignoring moms yelling of no running in the house, and then c all over song down stairs as steady as we could for the start of the concert. As the concert went on my brothers and I were jamming a delegacy on our fake musical instruments when the song Thunder Rolls came on. I can vividly mobilise watching Garth Brooks paseo on stage, and at the start of the song it was pouring down rainfall and lightning flashes were oing off allwhere and I couldnt believe what I was seeing. As a kid I sat there awestruck with amazement watching his e really movement believing he was in an actual thunderstorm. perceive Garth Brooks standing there soaking wet from head to toe has left a forever image in mind that I will al fashions associate and think of when I listen to his music. Growing up as a young boy I could remember that whenever I would be in the car or somewhere some a radio station, mom would always have country music playing and I believe thats where I get my love for country music from.On the flip side with popping, he introduced me to the world leaning. Great artist such as Guns N Roses, Lynyrd Skynard, and AC/DC. The song from the classic rock genre of music that has really stuck with me is publish Bird by Lynyrd Skynard. Free Bird was my getaway song, the song that put me at ease whenever I needed to relax from the stressful life of young boy, because mom didnt plurality my lunch right or I couldnt go play with my friends. As we all know, these are troubling times in a young boys life and Free Bird was always there to bring me back down to earth.In the short 10 to 15 years that I have been able to really comprehend what music is, there have been very few songs that have really given me goose bumps. Once over again a country artist by the name of Toby Keith came out with a song in 2003 entitled American Soldier. As every young boy does, they think and will argue about having the coolest dad in the world, but no, really I do. I can remember sitting in my parents bedroom late on Sunday iniquitys and just wait for my super hero dad come walking in, in his black and green army uniform with his dark as iniquity glistening combat boots.Seeing him walk through that doorway would be the shine up of my weekend. In Toby Keiths song he describes the American Soldier by saying I cant call in sick on Mondays when the weekends been to strong, I just work straight through the holidays and sometimes all night long, You can bet that I stand puddle when the wolf growls at the door, hey Im solid, hey Im steady, Im true down to the core. To me those lyrics perfectly portray what I see in my dad, so every time I hear that song I cant help but think about him and get goose bumps again.By the time high school rolled more or less I had made it through my embarrassing boy band phase and found myself listening to the the likes ofs of NAS, Kanye West, Outkast, and my authoritative darling Bone Thugz N Harmony. Every day after school let out my brother Nate and I would meet up at his green 94&8242 Ford Ranger with pins in the hood, dents in the dumpers, and sc beges in the siding, as we headed to another day of soccer practice. While on the way we would blast our Bone Thugz and pathetically attempt to try and rap along.We apply the lyrical talent of artist like Outkast, Kanye, and Bone Thugz to get is ready for another sweat pouring, muscle aching, tiresome practice. Just to turn around and to do the exact same routine again the next day. For many young adults, college can be a confusing time in their lives. My first go around at college Lil Wayne was the new biggest coolest artist on the scene and rap was becoming ever more popular. Instead of flocking toward the rap music like most college kids did at the time, I moved in a different direction.A direction that you normally dont find among the young college scene, and that was toward classical, opera, and delicate music. Even till this day I cant pin point on the nose what it is about classical, o pera and piano music that intrigues me so much. I think that part of my attraction to this style of music is that I find it very relaxing and mind calming. There have been numerous covers of Ave Maria, and my favorite would have to be done by Franz Schubert. This is where the start of my new wonderment of music began.It wasnt until I listened to Franz Schubert singing Ave Maria that I really listened conservatively and opened my eyes to the pure deity given talent and viewer of her voice and I found that immensely more satisfying to listen to instead of something that would of been created in a studio. Now I currently eff listening to musicians like Michael Buble and Norah Jones and have gained an appreciation for the artists who use their true frank talents. Furthermore, during my first stint in college I joined the military and was deployed to Afghanistan in 2012.The life of a soldier is pretty single and strait forward. You stimulate up and go to work. Whatever you want to do before and after work is up to you, so like most soldiers I utilise some of my free time to go to the gym and workout. Everyone has that genre of music or artist that will get them pumped up and ready, like most soldiers, I get wound up by loud, fast pace music that gets that red fluid inside me boiling. Through a fellow soldier I was introduced to a Swedish metal class called Volbeat, which I surprisingly enjoyed because it is the complete opposite style of music that I enjoy.For the remainder of the deployment when I visited the gym, Volbeat and Avenge Sevenfold served as my constant to get me through my workouts. No one knows what our futures will hold. We have no intellection what kind of trials and triumphs lie awaiting us. One thing that we can bank on is music. Music is one of the very few constants that pass by from generation to generation. A world without music would be a creature that I would never like to see. When we scour the caverns of our brain some of our grea test memories are associated with music.Im a firm believer in that everything happens for a reason because it shapes the type of person we are today. The same thing applies with music. Looking back over my life, there was a phase for each type of genres of music that I listened to. In my 23 years, my musical interest have ranged from country, to boy band, to rock, to classical and metal and I dont think I would be the exact way I am today without having all of those music genres in my life. In 23 years I have created so many great memories through music and I can only hope that God blesses me with another 23 years to make more memories.

Beyond The Human Essay

Nature is benevolent. It w add togetherethorn condone one mistake of the servicemane being. It may accommodate him in his yet another folly. But when the benevolent beings c all over up with the deliberate, malicious and intentional negative activities to destroy Nature, Nature will hit back with trem dismissous vigor, for it has to recoup its original, natural health. Man is not the wight of Nature. Rather he is the product of the divine creative force that sustains the homo. This myth by Atwood is grim and depressing and the contents therein, if it were to become true, do not augur well for the wellbeing of benignity.This book can be reason as Science Fiction or speculative fiction, but as one goes through the contents, it reads like predictions that will come true. There is a method in the imaginative narrations which reach the borders or truth. At the end of each chapter, the reader is compelled to nod his head and say-yes, this can happen How thus to make this artifi cial satellite Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes spacious of understanding, heart full of love and deep respect for the laws of Nature and the feel that refuses conflictsenough, these alone argon enoughTwo main themes dominate the book, bezoar goat and Crake. The novel relates to the distant future, the global warning has taken its toll, it has created many changes to the geographics of Earth, that the coastal cities do not exist, and the name of unexampled York is New New York. Umbrellas wont do to go outside in the sun one invites certain death. The wealthier nuclear number 18as of the cosmos still dominate, well-protected under places k straightway as compounds and areas known as The Pleebands still exist. People live the normal conduct here, and understand Nature and its glory better.They know the real worth of deitys gifts to humanity. The plot of the book has three central characters. The narrator, Snowman, formerly known as Jimmy, is the only surv iving human being on this Planet Earth. The sad beginning of the novel describes this termin anyy ill Snowman, sleeping in a tree. Food is in short supply the sun is so hot that the Snowman has blisters on his body. The genetically engineered beings wolvogs and the pigoos that befuddle managed to escape are now roaming the grounds, with no human beings to control them.At this stage, Atwood makes the reader ponder, as to what a sad pass the human race has arrived and the right rests squarely on the shoulders of the captains who led the human race. The role of the scientists becomes suspect here. No doubt, they obey the orders of the politicians and do research on weapons of more and more and destruction. When headwayed, their reply is that they have no responsibility for its use. Atwood provides the imperative advice to those who govern the affairs of humanity that if proper freshen up is not made in time, even the desperate remedies will not be able to avert the forthcoming desp erate situations.The important question is not who is responsible but what will happen to the Planet Earth, when such irreversible grim situations confront humanityin this particular story, the humanity itself is extinct so who is there to tell the story and also mind to the story To what a calamitous situation this mad craze for unceasing research has brought the human race, the so-called crown of creation How the human beings are unable to know the real source of felicitousness? True happiness is not in reading more and more books, creating innovative moneymaking(a) objects.The products of mind related thinking can never be the durable source of happiness. To achieve the state of bliss, an individual has to cross the barrier of mind, earlier transcend it. Now the only surviving human being the Snowman, has the added responsibility of looking after a group of humanoid creatures named the Crackers. His best consort Crake invented them and created such class of people. They ar e supposed to be ideal human beings. If only the individual who created such human being were to know the lead nature of ideal human beings Crakers are strange creatures, with no emotions, no desires, and no sex drive.They just procreate, as matter of reflex action. They are without any motivation. The concept of war is not known to these creatures, and this aspect seems to be the only good point about them. Being strict vegetarians, they have no desire for meat. They are simple people, but the meaning of their easiness is not amenable to human reason. The question is, why for these Crakers were created at all? An important conclusion is the mind-less craze for research essential sojourn. How to stop it and where to stop it, should be the concern of the leadership of the humanity.A popular protest to obstruct the undesirable and unhealthy growth of research that affects the human life must be on the top of the agenda. This aspect of research can be illustrated with an example. An over the counter medication for diabetes claimsthe cure for diabetes is guaranteed with this medicine. But the side personal effects reported are, hypertension, night-blindness, hair fall, palpitation of the heart, with possible heart attack, high blood pressure, blisters etc. Further research is in progress as to how to ward off these side-effects.Is it not prudent to own the original disease, instead of extending a brotherly invitation to so many side effects? So, this much about the world of research related to the medical world. So, the important question is why the world ended and why should it have ended thus. Due to the follies of the miniscule of minority of human beings, the majority had to face the ultimate disastertotal liquidation Atwood elucidates this aspect convincingly and indicates her deep concern for the real happiness of human beings, which is an attainable reality provided right type of efforts are made.Conclusion whizz must read this book one must re-r ead and ponder over the contents. The points mentioned in the book are logical and the conclusions are frightening. Just commend the atomic blasts done over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. That was the time when the research on atomic weapons was still in its infancy. What if some mad political authority should lead off triggering the push-buttons of these silent demons? There wont be a Snowman to imbibe the ashes of humanity perhaps Does the humanity deserve this? Perhaps not argon we taking action and thinking strongly to avert such a situation?Perhaps not Then who is to blame? Perhaps ourselves The science-community, especially the bio-engineering division, is taken to task by Atwood and her deep suspicions about the craze of immortal research are absolutely right. So, the scientists you may cross the moon and flash the stars but probe and research you must the mysteries of a happy human heart ************************** References Cited Atwood, Margaret (Author) Book Oryx and Crake. Paperback 376 pages Publisher Anchor (March 30, 2004) lyric English ISBN-10 0385721676 ISBN-13 978-0385721677

The Battle Against Human Trafficking in Europe : Policy Evaluation

The Battle Against benignant Trafficking in Europe policy Evaluation Samira Misra Webster University Abstract This paper seeks to evaluate the policies of the European colligation tell at combatting gentlemans gentleman trafficking in exclusively its forms. The current plans of the European outfit and the United Nations be presented, and the rationale behind them is scrutinized. Research shows that the European Union recognizes the problem of piece trafficking as a complete denial of gay rights, and proposes serve to bring to justice the responsible persons.The European Unions perspective is unmatchable ground on the pillars of democracy freedom, transp bency, the righteousness, and security. This paper argues that the afore manpowerti unityd perspective is non adapted in ameliorating the situation. It proposes a broader approach to the construction and end of a comprehensive strategy, encompassing the root braces underlying mankind trafficking, as headspring. T he chief weaknesses of current policy appear to be its murder, and EU simple co-ordi res publica.With the denomination of these weaknesses, this paper proposes signifi foundationt reform by regulatory agencies for clear effect against the catastrophic reality of the trafficking trade. Ana, a girl from Quito, Ecuador fell in love with her husband at the young age of 20. What she thought would be the best decision of her life, ended up leading her to surviving in a nightm atomic number 18. Her husband worked at a brothel in Quito, hiding his profession from Ana. Ana left her husband, a recollective with her toddler, and driftd in with her mother jobless(prenominal). She soon met the owner of a sm only salon, a lady who would talk active Europe, and the lifestyle of the people there.Ana quickly became starry-eyed and accepted an offer to move to Paris to shake off money. She was completely unaw argon of what lay ahead. When she reached Paris, she came to know that no job aw aited her, other than prostituting herself on the streets to pay back her debts for her excursion to Paris. Her pimps collected virtually of the money she made, and neglect was too risky as the trafficking networks were systematic and even connected with law enforcement. Ana did non return to Ecuador for lead years, and lived her life, risking it both single day just to make ends gather. This is nevertheless ne of thousands of horror stories of the victims of gentleman trafficking (Knierim, 2012). According to the United Nations Office of Drugs & deoxyadenosine monophosphate hatred (UNODC), homosexual trafficking is defined as the The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by kernel of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the yell of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the endowment or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having constru e over a nonher person, for the purpose of exploitation.Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the whoredom of others or other forms of wakeual exploitation, forced labour or services, thraldom or practices similar to sla rattling, servitude or the removal of organs. (UNODC, 2012). The sex trafficking industry has twist the fastest growing industry in the world, and offenders continue to slip among the cracks of the legislative system (UNHCR, 2010). Data indicates that the number of trafficked victims detected in 2006, in West and Central Europe was 7,300 (UNODC, 2006, p. 229).Transcrime suggests a multiplier of 20 for every victim detected, which stiffs that it is estimated that the actual statistic is 20 times what is cognise, This leads to a mathematical statistic of 140,000 victims in Europe. It is hard to say what should cause greater concern, the staggering rime (which be a conservative estimation), or the fact that the trafficking industry con tinues to boom. most(prenominal) trafficked victims in Europe come from Balkan countries, and from Russia. Europe a comparable shows the largest number of nationalities of victims than whatsoever other region of the world.Victims atomic number 18 recruited into the sex trafficking trade through force, misrepresentation, rancid promises and coercion. Young, vulnerable women are lured into traps through promises of opportunities such as jobs, study foreign programs, modelling careers, vacations and the like. Research shows that acquaintances, friends or relatives largely conduct recruitment deep down Europe. (UNODC, 2010, p. 225) Human trafficking is a deeply complex, and multi-faceted complete. It has three briny dimensions criminal, homophile rights, and socio- frugal.In rule to effectively combat human trafficking in the European Union, measures that face up all aspects admit to be devised and implemented. This essay get out seek to illustrate that the European polici es therefore far have taken a very especial(a) viewpoint to the challenges of trafficking, and need to extend their vision to incorporate resolutenesss to the root causes of the sex trade. In the beginning(a) part of this paper, the policies (to date) to fight trafficking will be examined, as head as the rationale they stem from.The second part will identify the main problems with these policies, and propose changes necessary for the EU to effectively bear the prevalence of trafficking. European Union insurance European Commission In the past decade, the widespread problem of human trafficking has gained increasing media attention. However, this rise in media coverage does not imply an increase effort for measures to be taken. Rather, it triggers a false sense that enough is beingness to combat trafficking. Yet still, hardly a(prenominal) nations remain immune to its adverse effects. Most countries are source countries, infiltrate countries, or destination countries.It is i mportant to note that within Europe, every nation has its own policy framework against the issue, and scrutinizing each system is beyond the scope of this research paper. For the argument, which this essay seeks to propose, it is more useful to examine the policies of European organizations dedicated solely to trafficking. The discussion will be a chronological presentation of the steps taken by the European Union. The role of the European Commission (EC) is to propose legislation in the collective interest of the EU, as considerably as assist in its implementation.Usually, the commission initiates legislation to meet requirements under EU treaties. In May 2003, under the Brussels firmness on human trafficking, a policy framework was introduced, which recognized the vastness of addressing the human rights violations of trafficking that threatened the freedom and security of victims. It called for cooperative action on regional, national, and international levels by governments, regulatory bodies and NGOs. Thereafter, in 2004 a EU guiding was issued directional2004/81), and introduced a formulateion period in which victims could recover without being deported for ill-gotten migration. If they decided to cooperate with enforcement officials and provided concrete information about their traffickers, they would be apt(p) a terminable residence permit through which they could pursue preparation and career opportunities (European Commission, 2004, p. 261). Although the EC released some policy stirments between 2004 and 2011, there were very few noticeable changes in strategy. More recently, the EC has taken a supposedly comprehensive initiative against this phenomenon.In 2011, the European Parliament established a framework outlining legal punitive measures concerning trafficking offences, as well as hindrance measures to aid victims ( directing2011/36/EU). Under this policy, offenders of trafficking (including partial participants aiding in the process) were subject to atomic number 23 to ten years of imprisonment depending on the crimes they committed. Furthermore, the Directive stated, penis States may decide not to prosecute or impose penalties on victimsof trafficking in human beings for their involvement in criminal activities which they have been compelled to commit. (European Commission, 2011, p. 01). The aftercare procedures consisted of the possible furnish of accommodation, medical care, and visitation and translation services. Children were required to receive psychological assistant and access to education. All victims were required to be protected sufficiently from abusers and trauma. safe measures highlighted by Directive2011/36/EU included education and awareness initiatives, and genteelness for police in identification of offenders and victims. The main improvement in this guiding from the last version was that it had broadened the definition of trafficking to include more forms of exploitation.The Directi ve2011/36/EU demonstrates an approach largely concerned with the criminal and human rights violation aspects of human trafficking, but ignores the circumstantial aspect (the socio- sparing conditions which lead people to trafficking). According to the Directives misgiving, trafficking of persons is first and foremost an absolute negation of basic human rights for the immense physical and psychological abuse endured by victims. Secondly, it is a criminal nuisance (or several(prenominal)) on the part of the ffenders, as they partake in heinous crimes of violence, oppression, and cruelty, which trivialize the worth of a human life. The latest strategy was released in June 2012, when the EC adopted the, EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings (2012-2016). This strategy fundamentally puts forward detailed concrete steps to meet the aims of the former Directive2011/36/EU. Main objectives of the agenda are identification and protection of victims, increased l egal action against offenders, enhanced coordination and cooperation of states in policy implementation, and increased stay measures.The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings tolerate only be analyzed conceptually for shortcomings as it has just been put into place. However, disdain periodic revisions, it is clear that the ECs view remains essentially unchanged. The outlook continues to be concerned with law enforcement and organized crime (European Commission, The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings, p. 4-6). United NationsOther than the EC, the United Nations too recognizes human trafficking as a pressing concern for the international community, and bangs its work to mobilize Member States to act against it. In 2002, the UN TIP Protocol (also known as Palermo Protocol) was adopted by the United Nations to prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in persons, curiously women and children (U. N, 2002, p. 1). In Decem ber 2003, this protocol came into effect, signed by 117 countries. The UNODC is responsible for preserveing the Palermo protocol.Additionally, the UNODC launched its moody Heart C axerophtholaign, directed at increasing awareness and involvement in combatting the trafficking trade. Evaluation Sex trafficking is a complex issue, which requires an in-depth compendium and understanding of the miscellaneous dimensions of the problem. The phenomenon of trafficking is immoral and unethical on numerous counts, and therefore the fight against it mustiness confront them all. After a closer insight into the sex trade, it piece of ass be reiterated that there are socio-stinting, criminal and uman rights standards our society is based on, all of which human trafficking neglects. This section identifies the key loopholes in current anti-trafficking procedures. Data line of battle A rather significant issue, which inherently cripples the efficiency of policy-making, is the lack of selecti ve information on human trafficking. This expresses a concern not with the content of the policies, but rather with the construction of policies, as knowledge of the nature of trafficking remains incomplete. Concrete, time-tested data on human trafficking is an essential basis for all goodness programs, interventions, policy and legislation.Without this data it is not possible to know the extent or the true nature of the trafficking problem, nor understand the complexity of the issues involved. As a resolving, practitioners and policy-makers are unable to act and react appropriately and effectively(International Centre for Migration Policy Development, 2008, p. 205). There are several reasons for the dearth of empirical data and statistics. perchance the most noteworthy reason is the unwillingness of victims to come forward and written report the crimes committed against them.This is because they fear for their personal safety, or fear being prosecuted for crimes such as illegal immigration, prostitution or drug abuse. In utmost(prenominal) cases, victims are monitored by offenders and do not have the access to law enforcement. Other contributing factors are obstacles in legal frameworks, poor data collection methodologies, and reluctance of agencies to share their information. This undermines the foundation upon which policies are devised. Approach to combatting trafficking EC policies against trafficking largely ignore problems such as sexuality in meetity, race and gradation differences.The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 43% of trafficking victims are used for forced commercial sexual exploitation, of which 98% are female (ILO, 2008, p. 3). Although Europe has long recognized the importance of gender equality, it does not view the problem of human trafficking as representative of gender inequality. Trafficking predominantly affects women, and it is because women are disadvantaged compared to men in society, that they are more susceptible to becoming victims. The leading cause of trafficking is the desperate need of potential victims to flee from poor standards of living.Presently, the EU is not taking sufficient measures to support the empowerment of disadvantaged (impoverished, uneducated, ethnic minorities, and so on ). The harsh EU migration and b consecrate laws limit the options women have for better prospects. This can (sometimes) be the reason for women seeking illegitimate and unregulated forms of escape. The argument propositioned here, is that thus far, the EU has taken a closed view of trafficking, and has designed policies aimed at short- term band aid solutions, and has failed to devise long term strategies to blow over the conditions which cause people to resort to risky and life-threatening behavior.In addition, these short- term policies are not gender responsive either, and lack mechanisms to protagonist women ( special(prenominal)ally) overcome their dexterity to such crimes. Human trafficking is a result of a chain of events based on unjust hearty and economic environments, to which women frequently fall victim. Women are physically weaker and hence more vulnerable to physical harm. In addition, the pagan and societal norms (e. g. gender stereotypes, and social roles) that surround most women aggravate the likelihood of the exposure to crimes against them.As of now, gender equality policies apply mainly to EU citizens, whereas most victims of trafficking are non- EU citizens. It is counterproductive to have policies seeking to ensure equal rights, which fail to extend to outsiders (even illegal immigrants). Current anti-trafficking measures have been said to be collateral damage, as they explicitly authorize government action against victims such as deportation, and prosecution for petty crimes (Uhl, 2010, p. 122). These ostensibly supportive measures are in effect punitive for women and discourage them from seeking help.Surprisingly, nearly half(prenomina l) of trafficking recruiters are also women. Female victims, desperate to find an escape from the immeasurable abuse, become exploiters over time (UNODC, 2010, p. 227). Policies addressing the socio-economic problems faced by women in areas of unemployment, welfare, education, immigration etc. would empower them, and prove more productive in tackling the issue from preventive, punitive and rehabilitative aspects. In essence, the European Union fails to recognize that human trafficking is partially the end result of societal gender inequalities.Although there are separate initiatives battling gender inequality, under social agendas, the European Union can kill two birds with one stone by incorporating these measures in fleck trafficking as well. Rathgeber (2002) asserts, Integrated and operational structures need to be developedto hamper the feminization of impoverishment (p. 163). Academic critics of European trafficking policies (such as Rathgeber and Askola) endorse consolida tion of strategy and procedures to overcome social gaps such as economic class, gender, or race. LegislationThe next key shortcoming in the European policy is the implementation of legislation. Although laws have been passed deeming trafficking of humans as punishable, few nations have used them to bunco game perpetrators. The implementation of the law so far has been lacks, which could only have gain discouraged victims to come forward and testify. Despite the European Commissions view of trafficking from a crime and justice standpoint, enforcement officers are not equipped with the proper tools for identification and protection of victims, and not all legal institutions are equipped with legislative frameworks.Frequently, victims are offered through front businesses such as beauty salons, abrase parlors or escort services, which make it hard for police officers to diagnose as trafficking rings. The United States Department of Health & Human Services (2008) reports that ofte n victims do not consider themselves to be victims, because they are unaware of their rights and are kept too isolated from communication to be informed of the action they can take. In addition, in Eastern European countries, as well as a few others, trafficking rings are so well connected, that they branch as far out as law enforcement authorities.This could mean that police officials are willing to either turn a filmdom eye to, or participate in criminal activity. In order to have legislation actually serve its purpose, European policies must categorize concrete ways for the identification of offenders and victims. legal philosophy enforcement agencies assume that there are clear, visible signs of trafficking activity such as locked doors, low sanitary standards, aforesaid(prenominal) working and living space, etc. Rather than relying on superficial symptoms like these, Uhl (2010) suggests that victims can be better detected through a profile, or characteristics based on demogr aphy and behavior (p. 23). Identification ties back into being able to recognize that particularly vulnerable slice of society- uneducated and poverty stricken. Legal measures should also guarantee the protection of victims from criminal prosecution and not leave it to the judgment of the enforcement officer, or circumstances. The current Directive does not state this as a requirement, and these grey areas are considerable obstructions to effective consummation of justice. According to the UNODC, law enforcement bodies also do not place sufficient priority on charging offenders, as they are aware that it rarely results in a conviction.A large majority of victims and witnesses are deported, or locked up for crimes, which makes their statements useless in court proceedings. In addition, offenders disappear under the radar and are known to flee the country as well. The failure of legislation is result of other shortcomings, rather than a shortcoming in itself. Each inefficiency snowb alls to make the presence of legislative tools futile. Harmonization It seems sound to assume that the European Commissions policies reflect uniform standards between nations because they claim to act in the interest of the European Union.However, this is not the case. Although, the EC has the same anti-trafficking strategy for all its members, different states interpret and enforce the policy differently, and some states simply do not uphold the EU standard. The absence of co-ordination and co-operation is yet another way in which convicted offenders escape investigation in court. The initial intention of the strategy is lost crossways borders, as states continue to pick and choose slices of strategy to administer.This is principally dependent on the level of regulation in each country, as well as on national priorities. In several source countries, curiously in the Balkans, corruption is widespread and dishonest officials often work with traffickers or turn a blind eye to unlawf ul acts (Rathgeber, 2002, p. 153). By definition, what constitutes trafficking also varies from country to country. Some definitions include several forms of exploitation (e. g. bad working class conditions), while others only deal with more severe forms.Therefore, the Directive, which is supposed to tackle the same form of trafficking in a dependable way across nations, ends up being translated to suit specific national standards such as border check off, labor conditions, migration law, and sexual morality (Askola, 2007, p. 214). A tentative solution is the establishment of a regulatory legislative body in comportment of enforcing the correct application of strategies of the European Commission. Its branches should be established in Member States to regularly monitor execution in accordance with the EU standards.Moreover, the strategies need to avoid ambiguities, which encourage nations to modify implementation. The Directive2004/81 allows for authorities to determine whether temporary residence should be granted or not, based on specific circumstances. In having such loopholes, enforcement bodies become more occupied with the determination of these circumstances, and less with the primary objective of assist and rehabilitation. European countries have shown limited understanding of trafficking as an issue in itself, despite all the research and analysis there is available on the subject.When examining European Commission approaches to social and economic discrepancies across EU nations, it is evident that there are programs in place, which are built with the primary purpose of establishing equality, and eradicating hierarchy based on gender and class. However, these steps have been relatively ineffective, and lack synchronization across borders. Trafficking is one of the outcomes of the failure of the EUs measures against poverty, income inequality, lack of welfare and benefit programs, and social services for children, education opportunities, psychot herapy and medical assistance, and rehabilitation.It is these dire circumstances that get to desperation for money and through it, the prospect of an improvement in living standards. Conclusion Human trafficking is a problem, interlinked to several existing social, political, geographical and economic disadvantages. In order to formulate a comprehensive response to control the proliferation of trafficking, and the tragic outcomes on victims, the European Union must pay obey to the social and economic root causes.The strategies of the past decade reflect a generally conservative approach, as well as one that deals with trafficking as a problem in it, rather than a problem resulting from several other problems. There is little real improvement in the advanced refinement of EU policies. The European Commission has recognized the scope of the problem, and fate to combat human trafficking, yet the measures are proving unsuccessful. Rather than portraying human trafficking as merely a variation of organized crime, it is critical to acknowledge its social, political, economic and criminal aspects as well.Human trafficking is an outcome of failed social measures, ones that are not directed to fighting the conditions from which it arises. Synchronization and coordination between European nations are the first steps to remodeling strategy design and enhancing the influence of legislation. Gender sensitivity and assistance to women should be a top priority in EU policy, to help women shift from their underprivileged position in society. From an evaluative perspective, until these actions are taken, we are likely to see iterative adjustments to current EU policies with little rise in the right direction.References Askola, H. (2007). Violence against women, trafficking, and migration in the European Union. European Law Journal, 13(2), 204-217. Doi10. 1111/j. 1468-0386. 2007. 00364. x Cochintu, I. , Tutunaru, L. , Stoicu, N. , & Valea, D. (2011). International coope ration against human trafficking. Juridical Current, 14(2), 78-86. Nieuwenhuys, C. , & Pecoud, A. (2007). Human trafficking, information campaigns, and strategies of migration control. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(12), 1674-1695. Rathgeber, C. (2002). The victimization of women through human trafficking An aftermath of war?.European Journal of Crime, roughshod Law & Criminal Justice, 10(2/3), 152-163. inside10. 1163/157181702401475340 Skrivankova, K. (2006). Combating trafficking in human beings. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 20(1/2), 229-232. inside10. 1080/13600860600705135 Surtees, R. (2008). Handbook on anti-trafficking data collection in south-eastern Europe development Regional Criteria. Uhl, B. (2010). Lost in implementation? Human rights rhetoric and violations A critical review of current European anti-trafficking policies. Security & Human Rights, 21(2), 119-126. Action against trafficking in human beings. 47 Countries 800 mill ion citizens Council of Europe. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. <http//www. coe. int/t/dghl/monitoring/trafficking/default_en. asp>. Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. (2012). European Commission Strategy Directive 2011/36/EU of the European parliament and of the Council On preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its Victims and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA. 2011). Official Journal of the European Union. Europe & Me Human Trafficking in Europe. Europe & Me Magazine . N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. <http//www. europeandme. eu/16brain/882-human-trafficking-in-europe? showall=1>. La Strada International. La Strada International. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http//lastradainternational. org/? main=home>. Trafficking in persons to Europe for sexual exploitation. (2011). Trends in Organized Crime, 14(2/3), 224-234. doi10. 1007/s12117-011-9136-y

The Patriot

The film The Patriot Is about a father named gum benzoin Martin who quit fighting In order to shift his family but is forced to fight when his intelligence Gabriel Martin returns to the army after creation injured. Benjamin leads a militia into battle against the British army who were considered as the most powerful army in the world at the time. At the beginning of the celluloid, the mood starts off In a happy counseling because its a sunny day and the kids were excited because the identify rider came.Benjamin Martin vaults his wives somber just before sunset and stands there for a while which gives the spectator a sad feeling as well. They are living on a farm in South Carolina and it is the year 1776. This is the time of the Ameri thunder mug Revolution which is why this film connects to the revolution. At the beginning of the film the post rider brings an Invitation to go loin the Continental army and their fight for Independence. end-to-end the film you see many things that also relate to the American Revolution.For example, the event of battle that the militia was using is c eithered Guerilla strugglefare. The southern militia narrow down In this during the American Revolution. A nationalisticist Is a person who Is loyal to their home coun deform whether they are inside or outside of that country. A loyalist is a person who would never betray or try to change their country and how it is. A patriot is someone who does not tot up with what their country has through and wants to fight against their country for their own reasons. A patriot betrays Its home country for a mature cause, not for something unworthy.An example of an correspond that caused the revolution would be the stamp act. This is an act where you had to pay a assess in order to get a stamp to put up flyers. An example of a patriot from the film is Gabriel Martin. Gabriel Martin wanted to Join the continental ingress so bad that he enlisted without permission from his father B enjamin. Gabriel did all he could to bring victory to the colonies. An example of a loyalist In the movie would be Kernel Titivating. Titivating goes to extreme mea sure as shootings just to make sure that the patriots learn that the British army is more superior.An example of this is when Gabriel Is being interpreted away by the Red Coats and Thomas tries to help him Benjamin son and Gabrielle brother. Benjamin plays a patriot in the movie for many reasons. At the beginning of the movie he did not want to fight because he had to keep his family safe. But he ended p fighting because whether he was with them or not they were never going to be safe until the war was over. Near the end of the movie Benjamin runs up with the American give during a fight and starts waving it around showing that Americas time was now.Benjamin doing this natural action proves that he is a patriot because he would have never done that so proudly If he was a loyalist or neither. other action where Benjami n proves that he is a patriot is when he joins the army. Benjamin joined the army to fight with his son and make sure he stays safe but he also did it so he could bring peace by stopping the British army. Benjamin wouldnt resist against Britain unless he thought something was wrong. The Patriot is a somewhat credible movie. This is because the journal says that This 1 OFF epic (American History Journal 1).This proves that some things were holy in this film. Another part of this Journal says Adding more credibility to the historic accuracy of this film was the participation of historians from the Smithsonian National Museum of American History as consultants (American History Journal 1). These quotations prove that The Patriot is credible for some things they did in the movie. The next quotation helps prove that there are parts of the movie that are not credible. The Journal says However, much of the patriot is not historically accurate (American History Journal 1).An example of th e movie being chimerical is the last battle where the British gave up because that was not the correct battle. The inaccuracies in the movie The Patriot harm and help the watchers. They can harm the watchers because it leads them to believe something that is incorrect. This can cause the viewer to be wrong if they used it as answer on a test for example. This can also pique viewers because it misleads them to think that the British were impolitely evil. For example, the British never torched the church with the intact community inside the church.This was showed in the movie. The inaccuracies in the movie can help the viewers because it shows Americans dominating and fighting through everything to pursue the last of emancipation and freedom. For example, Benjamin never ran through the battlefield waving the yield without being shot or captured. But this shows the viewers that America is sound and proud. Therefore, this proves that the inaccuracies in this movie can be benefi cial and harmful. This was a good film over all. The inaccuracies made it more interesting and intrigued me.This film should be recommended to ages 14 and up because then everyone would understand the values and the storyline of the movie. Anyone with cognition of the American Revolution should enjoy this film because it sums up the revolution plumb accurate and makes it better by showing America strong. This movie teaches us to pursue our goals and never stop until the goal is reached. We see this throughout the whole movie. Two examples of this being showed in the movie are with Benjamin and his family. The split second example is with the colonies in general because they come together to fight for independence at the cost of life.

Culinary Cookware Essay

Sales progress is a key ingredient in marketing campaigns which consists of a assembling of incentive tools, mostly short term that atomic number 18 designed to vex quicker or greater purchase of dispelicular products or serve by consumers or the trade.Sales contests/incentives Aims at including the sales force or shareers to add their sales results over a stated period, with prizes (money, trips, gifts or points) spill to those who succeedAppropriateness From the findings of the 2003 survey, 50% would buy new cookware take down without price discount or a warrant gift => retailers who are already carrying all the four lines owing to its greater GM compared to competitors, would be induced to promote the brand by featuring, displays, etc. This stimulates sales clerks to refer the products further more improving the brand awareness (15% for under $75000 and 25% for above $75000 much lower than close competitors) as only 15% would consider upgrading to higher end product s and improves saturnine-season sales which were very low.Promotion compensations quite a little rebate/ quantity discountAppropriateness There is a guess of forward buying problem, wherein retailers buy a greater quantity during the deal period and the manufacturer go forth wee to bear costs of unornamented work shifts. Since the manufacturer is giving a 4% points additional pull ahead on GM to retailers over the competitors, giving a promotion recompense might non yield as many benefits as anticipated. However, an concern amount could be spent on advertising/display allowances as the channels chosen are upscale kitchen specialty chains, department stores and topical anaesthetic specialty stores.SweepstakesSweepstakes involve marketing promotions targeted toward generating enthusiasm to purchase among customers by tempting consumers to submit free entries into chance draws that are tied to product or service awareness wherein the featured prizes are dampn away by spons oring companies.As there is no assurance of benefit in this case, the outline may not be very attractive to entice first-time customers. too the lottery system promotion may not reflect extremely on the Premium brand image of Culinarian cookware. Thus sweepstakes are not a good promotion strategy for Culinarian CookwarePremiumsPremiums are promotional items that can be acquired through proof of purchase. Exhibit 3 states that 20 % of the people would be motivated to buy cookware because of a free gift. Also a free gift does not damage the gift image of the cookware brand and is widely employ by opposite players in this segment. Since the grant can be shipped after receiving proof of purchase, it veers foeman from trade channels who would not have to block shelf pose for the premiums unlike in the case of free giftsRebatesRebate is an amount returned on what already has been paid. Rebates may require paperwork submission and this can put off customers. Culinarian cookware d istributes through high-end retail channels and invests in well-trained staff to give the best experience to the customers. However, the rebate mechanism requires effort on the part of the customers and can affect the Culinarian premium brand image.Cooperative advertising allowanceCulinarian cookware can give some allowances to retailers who prominently display its products or give it the desire shelf space. Also it can be used to progress retailers to push Culinarian products to the customers who are unsure about the brand. The lure of acquiring reimbursement and additional money for doing advertisement for culinarian products on the companys behalf will motivateSlotting AllowanceIn slotting allowance a fee aerated to produce companies or manufacturers by supermarket distributors or retailers in order to have their product placed on their shelves. Most of the products sold by Culinarian Cookware is through retail outlets. Also most of the products are in the premium end. So Culina rian Cookware can go for slotting allowance. However it should negotiate with retailers to reduce the margin to industry standard of 48% as against 52% now. cope showsGenerally in trade shows people look for discounted products. It would not be good for culinarian cookware to sell the products at a discounted rate in trade shows. Howvere it can take part in trade shows to join on awareness especially of its CX1 brand.Point of purchase displays (functional discounts)Culinarian Cookware should not go for functional discounts because they already give retailers higher profit margins of 52% as compared to 48% by its competitors. This is a big enough incentive for the retailers to encourage customers to buy Culinarian Cookware products. Thus, no extra functional discounts are required. seasonal discountThe buying pattern given in Exhibit 2 suggests that there are two peak seasons for the sale of cookware, one during the May- June months and the otherwise during the months of November- December. Thus, seasonal discounts will be very effective in capturing the customers and increase sales because of this buying patternIf we study Exhibit 4, we can reward that the sale of product lines PROX1 and SX1 is higher in the spring season bandage that of DX1 is higher in the fall season. This cyclical buying pattern tells us that Culinarian Cookware can go for sales promotion twice in a year wherein it can give sales promotion for different product lines in different seasons of the year.

Innocent drinks Company Essay

inculpable foxs is compevery that selling famous drinkings in The United Kingdom which started by 3 Cambridge students in 1999. This is a drink that makes with 100 percentageage pure and natural fruit succus. Smoothies are the primary product of guileless drinks and people are aware of it due to its profound image. The company provides different product range and the distribution of channels cover most of the supermarkets, coffee shops and etc. For every year thunder mugdid drinks go out donate 10 percent of their profits to charity and this called The artless Foundation. This al-Qaida has assisted a lot of people. This report go out analyses the process of complimentary drinks from 1999 to 2013.1.Organization coordinateThere are many types of organization expression, for example, hierarchical grammatical construction, matrix structure and etc. For different structure, it has different result, management and objective. Innocent drinks was a shrimpy business in v ery competitive markets which is fit to entrepreneurial structure. The advantages of this structure are that the core team disregard make decisions quickly and for the members they spate give some ideas to the core team and solve the problem that they are liner. Innocent drinks started from entrepreneurial structure and turned to hierarchical structure subsequently a couple of(prenominal) years. The reason of Innocent drinks turned into anformer(a) structure is beca drill they sternnot conform to their needs.They want to make themselves to be more(prenominal) famous and to earn more profit. Innocent drinks thinks that hierarchical structure has a good scale that can key out into different departments to achieve specialization. This can let the employees know what stigma they are doing and they can exert their abilities. For example, in marketing they can help to promote the product or to think of a new invention to attract the customers to buy it. When every department d o well in the way they fuddle to, it is easy for Innocent drinks to manage and achieve label target like turnover.OwnershipAccording to Finance maps of world ( 2012 ), barter ownership means having the control over business enterprise and being able to dictate is functioning and operations. From the beginning of Innocent drinks there were created by three Cambridge students who are Richard Reed, Adam Balon and Jon Wright. They used 500 pounds to set up this business with partnership. The advantages of having a partnership are they can share the responsibility and operate for the common goal of devising a profit. On the other hand, partnership lack of finance to expend so Innocent drinks persistent to turn into private limited company in 2007 and it can separate legal identity, which can safeguard the operation of business and the company can debt more money from the bank it is be exploit Innocent drinks can be a mortgage.Moreover, being a private limited company can have the purchase discounts and this can make it some money for the company. Two years later, Innocent drinks has sold 18 percent of the company to Coca poop which means that Coca Cola has the right to operate Innocent drinks. In 2013, Coca Cola has fully control Innocent drinks with 91 percent share. This cause that Innocent drinks has only a small minority holding. Hence, Innocent drinks turned into consultancy business which can only provide ideas and services.GrowthInvestopedia ( 2013 ) evince out that Growth is an increase in the capacity of an economy to get down goods and services, compared from one period of time to another. Since the market change rapidly Innocent drinks has to create new type of product to cater the needs of the customers. From the beginning, Innocent drinks has only 3 recipes to almost 30 more over the years. The juice ranges of Innocent drinks started from the original taste and evolve to mixed taste. The product ranges is different, including kid, smoo thy and thickies. For example, kid drinks are specially made to provide all the essentially vitamins to sustain their produce. In this product, Innocent drinks has made a different figure and size to cater the needs children.2.Reason of growthThere are few reasons why Innocent drinks can be grown rapidly. Firstly, advertising. Innocent drinks has different advertisement on the television and for each advertisement it ordain meet their main product and shows that Innocent drinks never sweetened and never concentrated. The use of the advertisement is to build up a healthy image of Innocent drinks so that the customers will start considering to purchase this product.Secondly, PJs smoothies is the main be of Innocent drinks. PJs smoothies has changed the image and increased scathe because it wants to be a premier brand. While PJs smoothies increased its price, it lost some unwavering customers at the same time. Innocent drinks might be cheaper than PJs smoothies, therefore, this cause more customers to choose Innocent drinks. Finance is another factor that enhances the growth of Innocent drinks. In 2004, the annual profit is 968000 pounds and it increases to 3066000 pounds in 2005.3.headache strategyBusiness strategy is a business plan that takes place long-term in order to help achieve a specific goal or objective. Christina C (N.D.) The company analyzes the external and internal business environment earlier making an accurate decision. SWOT and PESTLE are the planning methods to evaluate the company. Strengths Innocent drinks products are highly competitive because it made with 100 percent pure fruit juice and high quality and low price these are the advantages over the rivals. Weaknesses distribution channels are small and low-cal brand reputation compare to other drink companies. Opportunity Innocent Drinks serve the expectation of producing 100% fruit drinks and change the consumer tastes because the new products can attract their attention. Moreover, the company expands the market including target elderly. This is a unique field of battle that preferable than other competitors.Threats weather, the weather might affect the quality of the fruits and the ictus and Innocent drinks has many rival, for example, PJs smoothies, Pepsi and Tropicana. Political The government is very come to most health and safety. Innocent drinks has to list out the ingredient on the product because it has to protect the consumer. Economic Since inflation and the increase rate of unemployment will affect the confidence of consumers. Therefore, they tend to buy a cheaper brand preferably of Innocent Drinks. Moreover, the economic condition also influences the company. For example, the high costs of purchase ingredients and the taxation. Social education, nowadays people are more concerned about their health therefore they will choose to buy a drink that is healthy for them, for example, 100 percent pure fruit juice and without any sugar . For population, Innocent drinks has not only targeted the adults and kids but also the elderlies.Furthermore, Innocent drinks will strengthen their brand through the advertisement, establish the healthy image in the society. Technological affect the production level of Innocent drinks because of the innovative technology. It leads to producing the juice efficiency and reduce the productive average costs by economies of scale. Moreover, the pass along of technology can improve the communication flow which is beneficial of making accurate decision. Furthermore, the use of technology is helpful for Innocent Drinks to recycle the bottles. ratified minimum wage, for the company of Innocent drinks they have to sign a subjugate with every worker to protect their pay. Environmental the trend of the world. The earth is facing global warming which makes Innocent drinks decided to recycle the plastic bottles to save the world