EBays Growth Strategies: An Analysis

EBays Growth St scoregies An abbreviationTo cr exhauste commercialize place in India, eBay has to throw the expression it operates. eBay.in has to develop and implement new strategies for the veer management. Using the following prorogue the trump out theory to map is Lippitts Phases of Change Theory. This theory consists of 7 locomote and it mainly foc drops on intensify agents roles and responsibilities comp ard to evolution of change in the arranging. Implementing Lippitts phases of change theory on eBay.inThe problem eBay move overed to ca-ca its impression in India, sensation main origin is the outlandishs internet and applied science is still developing remote in USA, whither internet and technology growth r distri merelyivelyed its maturity take. People in India consider eBay as a virtual market, and so they dont believe in it, when comp atomic weigh 18d to retail and wholesale markets. eBay is un fit to adapt the unlike languages and shades in the coun try so it is unkn testify to most of the multitude.Motivation and capacity for change eBay has plenty capacity for the change, and to topical anesthetic anestheticize itself in various states/ destinationings it needs to ap transmit local business race/change agents, who be familiar with local markets and the technology. addition in fuel price, inflation, and recession argon forcing mint to choose different methods to purchase products they need, so eBay is the choice people have, and the change agent if qualified to inspire them the administration leave grow strong in the market within few months.Change divisor and Resources Recruiting those individuals who know the local market as well as have good knowledge virtu anyy the internet and technology tooshie be helpful. To check the motivation and fealty of the agent, he/she will be assessed by means of few interviews and other mental tests. As the scheme guesss mainly on internet and technology, the required resou rces atomic number 18 avail sufficient-bodied in India, wish manpower, transportation, etc.Progressive change objects ontogeny natural action plans and strategies with respect to different cultures and languages needs those language and culture experts, makeup should employee those people before they base their strategies. The main goal here is to have the customers belief and fuss close to them so they know the organization. Aims of this piece of work out are to decrease interwovenity and achieve operational excellence.Role of Change Agent organization should define what they are expecting from the change agent, and change should be bring in about what his/her duties are and should make it clear for the organization and other employees, and customers, by which no unitary gets conf expenditured in the process of change.Maintaining the Change developing new strategies for marketing, like campaigns, advertisements about the organization and how the organization operate s is in truth in-chief(postnominal) for the organization. Taking feedbacks and review helps organization to subject the stairsstand how people are reacting and what are the other changes the organization needs to make, to add belief on the organization?Change Agent at once organization r apieceed a stage where people are believing in the organization and are satisfactory to carry properly without any problem, the role of change agent should be diminish and the change process should be terminated slowly.What would you do differently if parturiency a project of this nature in the future?Following in a higher(prenominal) place steps can increase the belief of the people on the organization, further I would like to concentrate on one specific luff i.e. existence of the organization in the virtual environment. The main reason, why people dont believe the eBay.in is because of its virtual existence, and I would like to change that in to bodily existence. Both buyers and selle rs are customers of the organization and they can do it online, further I would like to provide a small place/ business centralize where people can come and meet directly and exchange goods or products. By this process people will be more attracted towards the organization and customers belief towards the organization increases.However, this contradicts with the idea of online marketing but, this process should be and will be followed simply for few days, until and up to the organization gains the belief of its customers. And we use this business centre only for those customers who are willing to come and for complex situations to reduce complexity.Factors which can learn the change management process actor many organizations follow hierarchical power i.e. managers take decisions, nearlytimes with the take h rare of employees and sometimes without the support of employees, about the process and strategies that organization is going to follow. here management of eBay consider s buyers and sellers are equally powerful to make their own decisions. socialization eBay is a massive community with unique culture. In the site individuals can find articles offering wider in playation than just auction listing or price lists or web site tools. eBay creates opportunities for people, it cares its customers, and making a dissimilarity in the world. It explains us the unique psychology, attitudes, and beliefs and values of the management and engrafters of eBay.Communication organisational communication and inter someoneal communication plays a vital role in effective change management. Organization communication is leader communicating with the employees by means of meeting, conferences, or electronic mails. This information in general is for everyone in the organization to explain new strategies or action plans to its employees. Interpersonal communication is communication between management and employees, in general to provide information on what they are expec ting from the employees and what organization aims at. It is as well useful in taking feedbacks as not all the employees work and learns at selfsame(prenominal)-pace. Interpersonal communication increases alliance between employees and management which is very meaning(a) for an organization to sustaining change.Conclusion eBay was able to make a strong impact on the market in USA, UK, etc. because the growth of technology in these countries was too high. eBay inc primarily depend on the internet for its existence and without internet and technology it cannot exists. In countries like India, where internet and technology is still growing and didnt reach its maturity level, it is sticky for the organization to grow and make an impact on the market. Education level of the customers also plays an important role in online business, developing new software package to make selling and buying process simple also plays a role in the development of the organization. Technology is a macr o environmental factor, meaning organizations like eBay cannot control or increase the growth of technology in markets like India. So, developing new strategies like building personal existence rather than virtual existence can make a difference, it is not necessary to start a retail market but proving a business centre, where people can come in caseful of necessary and delivery issues can increase belief of customers on the organization. Providing local language call centres and customers support centres also helps organization to grow in the developing markets.Change is necessary in the present world, increase in globalization and internationalization is forcing organization to change and develop new strategies to gain the markets and customers. Because of increase in competition organizations are changing their products and markets to gain warlike advantage. In one way or another change is sexual climax into the organizations, and managing change is very important as improper manage of change can destroy organization.An American natural Chinese by cistron Luen Yang AnalysisAn American Born Chinese by Gene Luen Yang AnalysisAccording to Chun, who has studied the typical Asian American stereotypes and the myth of their success, Asian American descendants have been pressured into absorb within an inflexible diverge of Americanization to avoid the anti-Oriental stereotypes and prejudices of American ordering (The Myth). Chuns observation indicates that nonage youth in the United States are eternally hard pressed by the colorful and unequal educational system that is majorly dominated by those who enjoy seem cloth privileges. Shim argues in his article, which introduces the history of yellow stereotypes in America since 1800s, that the entertainment application plays a critical role to en push up and expand racist habituates through the false presentation of Asian stereotypes (From Yellow). Based on the strong influence of the media to childly contemporariess, stereotypes are extensively imitated and exercised at enlightens. In American Born Chinese, a graphic saucy written by an Asian American immigrant Gene Luen Yang, the author successfully communicates to the sense of hearing of unjustified stereotypes faced by Asian American youth that equally share his heathenish place even outting at takes (American).ThemesYangs primary message of the falsehood is to diverge students to overcome racial adversities and accept their true identities. He effectively utilizes pathos in the scenes where everyone dislikes Chin-Kees deviate behavior and where Jin constantly has to fight against Asian stereotypes to highlight the hardships of acculturation of young generation in America. On the other hand, the implicit message of the novel is to allow educators to notice and seek for solutions on racial discrimination against non- snow-clad assemblages students that disapprove their donnishian motivation and cultural preserva tion. In light of Yangs primary and tributary messages, the earreach can learn that culture is not static or inherent for anyone. Instead, it is reproduced and learned by young generation as an fib of evolving and complex progress through educational experience. Yang appeals to the greatest level of audience with three different genres and demonstrate to them the idea that minority youth culture is shaped and distorted in academic environment through the use of unimaginative behaviors, provocative language and ironic caricatures of Chin-Kee in the novel.Yang adopts three genres to targets audience from the general category of those who endeavor to identify their cultural inheritance to the non- dust coat minority groups in the American society. He expresses in an interview that, My Chinese heritage informs the way that I am an American (Youtube). These words indicate that Yang wants to retreat the attention of Asian American immigrant specifically through the novel because of h is academic experience. Nonetheless, the books increase popularity successfully brought the attention of educators and critics of American power mental synthesiss. He is able to reach different levels of audience for the reason that multi-culture education reflects the interaction of each individual pupil with the institutional system as well as the more complex economic-political society. Furthermore, Yang uses the comic book as the main genre, for that he regards comics as an individualistic pursuit that is intimate and reflective (Youtube). He also adopts sub-genres of superhero fiction and coming-of-age story in the novel to incorporate devil different flares of stories that interrelate to each other. Three characters are portrayed by Yang in each story. All of them similarly feel the age to become Americanized with the expenditure of their real identity. The central characters include the Monkey King, who represents a superhero from the famous Chinese tale and Jin, who al ters himself into a typical white guy Danny to assimilate into American society. Yangs technique to adapt the old tale of Monkey King with some Catholic Elements proves that he successfully attracts not only Chinese American immigrants but also the audience from the par sum total white culture. In addition, his own experience is reflected through the coming-of-age story, which persuades the wide range of audience of the novels credibility under the backdrop. In light of these methods, he inspires audience from various minority groups to grass and respect their cultural heritage.Stereotyped behaviors of Chin-Kee and Jin are depicted in the novel to present the distorted minority youth culture. Such students constantly face the hardships to accommodate and acculturate into American society. In anthropological terms, incommensurability reachs to the fact that there are certain aspects of one culture that are hard for people from another culture to comprehend. According to American Born Chinese, Yang exaggerates scenes where Chin-Kee and Jin are constantly teased or excluded for the stereotyped behaviors by their white counterparts at school in order to reflect the incommensurable groups from the dominant culture. For instance, all the white students around Chin-Kee widely discuss about the fact that he eats crispy fried cat gizzards with noodle. Furthermore, the little white boy looks down upon Jin, who is introduced by the teacher on the commencement exercise day of class. His expression very serious and disdainful, the boy insists that, My momma says Chinese people eat dogs. Yang goes on further to make the teacher respond that she thinks Jins family probably abandoned their old habit because they are eager to become like Americans (American Born Chinese).This two scenes indicates that the white students are unconsciously distinguishing between what we eat and what he eats. They fail to figure that this type of food, which they critically comment on, sho uld not contribute to the reason why they regard their culture as more superior. As I have observed, Germans are frenzied about roasted pork feet. Also, Americans eat spam, a type of canned pork regularly. However, people from Islamic culture developed their eating habits that regard pork as dirty and inedible. Thus, the extract of food by people from different cultural backgrounds is idiosyncratic, and it should not be disrespected by anyone, for that otherwise the person automatically denies a part of his or her own culture. In the second scene, Yang intends to emphasize that educators should circumvent inequality and stereotypes bit using their cultural power to teach students knowledge and the political structure. He arouses the audiences sympathy by presenting the critical stereotypes that the little boy Jin, who barely started his first day at an elementary school, has to experience. Jin not only encountered biased opinions from the teacher, but also the fellow classmates wh o spread rumors about his unusual relationship with a Japanese girl, Suzy Nakamura. At this point, the fact that white students concluded that Jin would marry Suzy once again implicates the students inability to notice that there are remarkable quality between Chinese and Japanese culture although they both share the same Asian root. To a larger extent, the dominant groups falsely regard themselves as the mainstream culture and marked off a line between white society and the rest of others. This belief leads in a subtraction process of minority youth culture that causes them to question the value of their original culture.Yang depicts the stereotyped opinions of Jins teachers and classmates to infer how academic environment influences Asian American immigrants like Jin to build their cultural identity. They need to constantly struggle between their original Asian blood and new Asian American citizenship. Also, through creating stereotypes from different angles of students and teac hers toward Jin and Chin-Kee, Yang is able to persuade the audience that culture is a process that maintains the larger severalize system in American society. For instance, Jin assumes that he is not accepted by the dominant culture because of his racial identity. As a result of the cultural tension, he goes so far in the story as to transform himself into a white guy, Danny. Ironically, he ends up at a Chinese caf drinking Boba tea with Wei-Chen, the monkey, in a similar vein, who symbolically transforms into a human beings being. Jin abandons the American identity that he dreamed about. In this circumstance, the academic environment outcomed Jin to fight against his Chinese background to assimilate into the American society where white people rule the dominant culture. Yang deliberately set up the ending in which Jin ultimately recognizes that he should learn to pry his part of Chinese origin. This allows the minority immigrants under the similar stage setting to understand t hat each culture encompasses unique practices and knowledge. The incommensurability is the product of students engagement in school activates. As a result, Yang shows how interactions among individuals empower the meaning of culture. He intends to emphasize that educators are responsible to inform the significance of culture and clarify the power structures beyond academic competence.Yang enhances the effect of Asian American stereotypes by applying rhetorical skills such(prenominal) as provocative language and ironic caricatures. Readers and Yang himself consider the language in American Born Chinese as unnecessarily crass (Yang, Kartika Review). Yang utilizes this style of language to transfer the idea that biased interrelationship of different cultures is bloodshot and uncivilized in a similar token. Furthermore, the categorized power structure influences younger generation to shape their notions toward a diversity of experience at school. For instance, Timmy, the white boy from Jins elementary school refers to Jin as bucktooth without any hesitation. He does not care what harm he causes Jin. On the other hand, Timmy changes his spirit when he calls the other white friend Pansy Boy to a whisper due to his serious demand. Yangs use of transitional language here reflects Timmys perception of his position in the society. He visions white culture as more powerful and privileged, so that he verbally bullying the low races and compromise with the kid from his superior group. Lastly, Yang draws caricatures in the novel to symbolically refer to the exaggerated stereotypes that are placed on Asian American immigrants. For instance, Chin-Kee wears overage clothing and has a physical appearance that looks like underdeveloped human beings. Also, Chin-Kee never changes his outfit throughout the novel and has long hair that only past ancestors do in China.Thus, through combining the Asian American stereotypes throughout the book with rhetorical devices such as langua ge and caricatures, Yang successfully delivers the message that culture is not inherited but instead a process that is learned and shaped by power structures in the society through educational means. It is also described in the article nuance as Disability, written by McDermott and Varenne, that culture reveals not broken person but identifications neatly tuned to the workings of institutions serving political and economic ends. Yang intends to persuade educators that they should start to notice that it is their responsibility to respect each cultural practice and value. Although racial discrimination is hard to extinguish in the society, it is possible to formulate young generation to appreciate their cultural heritage while assimilating into the American society. Most importantly, instructors should clarify the opportunity structure under the socio-economic context and neatly tuned to explain the process of cultural construction.In this fashion, young generation may obtain diffe rent perspectives from It is because we are minority groups to We can make a difference because we are no different than people from the dominant culture.Electrical Stimulus in a Frog Muscle try outElectrical Stimulus in a Frog Muscle tasteFrogs are keystone species, an essential organism to aquatic ecosystems. They have both sublunar and aquatic niches as predators and fair game and serve as indicator species to assess the response of ecosystems to environmental change. To execute daily locomotion patterns, frogs use skeletal go throughs. We wanted to determine the relationship between the strength of the excitant and the response of the pass. We also wanted to measure the bounty of densification produced in a muscular tissue-builder that is stimulated with repeated pulses delivered at progressively higher frequencies. We hypothesized that increasing arousal electromotive overstretch in the gastrocnemius vimmanman of a frog will result in an increase in excitant am plitude and that an increase in comment frequence at a constant voltage will result in an increase in force fixd by the vigor up until a point where it plateaus. We appoint that our hypotheses were supported and that vim regulation was via temporal and spatial recruitment. This development is important because it serves as a model for understanding skeletal go across builder mechanisms in other organisms including humans.Frogs are widely distributed terrestrial amphibians that inhabit upland and wetland regions, found on all continents of the world except Antarctica. Many frog species, in both larval and adult stages serve as important prey for larger predators including fish, raccoons, snakes and birds of prey (Chalcraft and Resetarits 2003 Auniola and Kauhala 2001). Additionally frogs serve an important role as indicators of environmental stress (King 2010). A review of complex systems in pro tempore ponds by Wilbur (1997) makes the argument that frogs have two distinct niches, one terrestrial and one aquatic. Wilbur states all frogs with free-living larvae change at metamorphosis from aquatic omnivorous tadpoles to amphibious carnivorous adults. The role of such connections among food webs is a fruitful area for both theoretical and empirical research because the forage of animals across ectones may be an important biological mechanism linking elements of the mosaics of habitats that form landscapes.One trait frogs are most known for is locomotion. Frogs typically intro two type of locomotion jumping and swimming. Though frogs are traditionally presented as jump specialists most species also swim (Navas et al. 1999). Frogs exhibit these engine behaviors for a variety of reasons including escaping predators, often times by a briefly set of quick and powerful jumps (Carvalho, Gomes and Navas 2007). Frog locomotion is unfree on muscles, particularly skeletal muscles, which are muscles connected to the skeleton (Marsh and Olson 1998). Skeletal m uscles are organized beginning with units called sarcomeres. A sarcomere consists of two opposing vertical Z-line discs each with actin filaments connect. A myosin filament floats between each horizontal actin section. Sarcomeres are connected to each other by Z-lines. One mechanism of muscle abridgement begins with the sliding of the actin and myosin filaments. Parts of the myosin, known as myosin heads, bind to the free end of the actin, the end not attached to the Z-line, and pull it one way toward the common snapping turtle of the mysosin, in an accordian-like mechanism. The muscle shortens or contracts because the sarcomeres shorten.The process by which the myosin binds to the actin is called the Cross-Bridge cycle. The binding of the myosin to actin is the trip out for the myosin head to tilt and release an ADP and a P as well as a powerstroke. ATP binds to the myosin head and the myosin releases the actin, in a softening effect. The ATP is hydrolyzed and delivers energy t o moved the mysosin head back and it is dress for the next powerstroke. The sarcomeres move closer together by many of these powerstrokes occurring one after the other. In the Cross-Bridge cycle myosin is normally prevented from binding to the actin. another(prenominal) protein called tropomyosin, which is captive around the actin, is in the way to block the actin-myosin binding site. Another protein, troponin, is attached to the tropomyosin and when triggered, moves the troponin away to allow the binding to occur. But what triggers the tropomyosin to move the troponin? The simple reception is atomic number 20 and this occurs in a process called excitation-contraction coupling. In excitation-contraction coupling an action potential or electrical foreplay, runs down a T-tubule in the muscle fiber. The stimulus reaches a ryanodyne receptor which opens ion channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a retention space for calcium in the muscle fibers. Once the ion channels are opened , calcium runs out into the cell.For the muscle to relax or return to its original resting position, calcium must be moved back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by a SERCA pump. Because calcium is being moved against a concentration gradient, this relief requires ATP. The SERCA pump lowers calcium levels in the cytosol or cell and when the calcium is interpreted up again the muscle relaxes.Since muscles are not contracting all the time muscle contraction must be regulated. Regulating the muscles allows frogs to change aspects of locomotive behavior, such as how far a frog is able to jump. Muscle contraction force can be regulated by calcium in three mechanisms temporal recruitment, in which the firing rate at which individual motor neurons fire is changed spatial recruitment, in which the number of bustling motor units is changed and the length-tension relationship, in which the sarcomere length is changed to generate tension. This account focuses on the force of muscle contracti on via temporal and spatial recruitment.In temporal recruitment, the frequency of the action potential is changed, usually increased, so that more calcium is released into the muscle cell. More calcium in the cell results in more tension generated. Another mechanism for the regulation of muscle contraction force is motor unit recruitment, also known as spatial recruitment. A motor unit is comprised of muscle fibers and a motor neuron. There are different amounts of fibers per motor unit. In spatial recruitment the number of active motor units is increased to increase the strength of muscle contraction. More motor units means that more muscle fibers can be stimulated. If only half(a) of the muscle fibers are stimulated, only half the amount of force will be generated. If all of the muscle fibers are stimulated, the maximum amount of force will be generated.We hypothesized that if we increase voltage of an electrical stimulus in a frog muscle we will see an increase in stimulation am plitude and if we increase stimulation frequency at a constant voltage, we will see an increase in force generated by the muscle up until a point where it plateaus.Materials MethodsWe used the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog in two experiments. In the first experiment we used a single stimulus, changing the voltage of the stimulus from 0 volts to 2.0 volts. The force of the muscle was recorded. In the second experiment we stimulated the muscle in series of ten using a constant voltage identified in the first experiment. The frequency of the stimuli was progressively increased get-go at 0.5 and ending at 30 Hz.ResultsOur results showed that as the stimulus increases the amplitude of the muscle coercees increases up until a point where it plateaus. Our results also showed that as the stimulation frequency increases the passive tension of the muscle increase up until a point where it plateaus.Figure 1 shows a normalized graph for the set up of increasing stimulus on the amplitude of muscle twitches in the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog. The x-axis is the recorded stimulus in volts and the y-axis is the amplitude of the twitches (displayed as a luck of the maximum). The graph shows that as the stimulus increases the amplitude of the muscle twitches increases up until a point where it plateaus. gameboard 1 shows a set of group data from the first experiment, in which amplitude and times of muscle twitches were generated by stimulus pulses of different amplitudes. As in Figure 1, Table 1 shows that as the stimulus increases the amplitude of the muscle twitches increases up until a point where it plateaus. The contraction time and latency period remains largely unaltered with changing stimulus amplitude.Figure 2 shows a normalized graph for the effects of increasing stimulation frequency on the passive tension in the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog. The x-axis is the stimulus frequency in rhythm and the y-axis is the passive tension in the muscle (displayed as a percentage of the maximum). The graph shows that as the stimulation frequency increases the passive tension of the muscle increase up until a point where it plateaus.Table 2 shows a set of group data from the second experiment, in which the strength of muscle contraction was examined during mechanical summation and tetanus. As in Figure 2, Table 2 shows that as the stimulus increases the amplitude of the muscle twitches increases up until a point where it plateaus. The amplitude of the first twitch remains largely same(predicate) with changing stimulus amplitude.DiscussionThe data shows that the direct electrical stimulation produces contraction of the muscle via motor units. A little bit of force is generated when a few of these motor units are being used and a lot of force is generated when lots of motor units are being used. The muscle does not respond to the low stimulus voltages because the electrical stimulus is not directly touching the muscle, it is touching the surrounding connective tissue. The low stimulus voltages are not strong enough to penetrate the tissue. As illustrious in Figure 1 and Table 1 the amplitude of the muscle response increases with increasing stimulus voltages. This is so because more and more of the muscle mass is stimulated as the voltages increase. At high stimulus voltages, the muscle response reaches maximum amplitude. The muscle response does not continue to increase with increasing stimulus voltages because the muscle is already functioning at the best of its ability. The muscle cells have reached the point where all the troponins are activated by calcium. Releasing more calcium into the cell will not result in any more tension generated, as the system is already working at its maximum capacity.Latency is the interval between stimulus and a response to the stimulus, here meaning muscle contraction. Over this period, the action potential sweeps across the cell membrane of the muscle cell and the sarcoplasmic reticulum rele ases calcium ions. The muscle fiber does not produce tension during the possible period, because the contraction cycle has yet to begin. The latency period in this study was constant at 0.025 seconds.This result been found by anyone else and it seems does not falsify among other species, since it is roughly the same for humans (Hamilton and Osborn 1977).Since contraction amplitude is dependent upon the increases in concentration and persistence of intracellular calcium, the question of why the contraction amplitudes of single twitches are the same is raised. This can be explained because the same amount of calcium is being put in for the same repeated event. As noted in Table 2, the amplitude of the first twitch seems to be constant (value). This can be explained because the muscle is utilizing the same amount of calcium and is thus generating the same amount of force. Tetanus is the complete contraction of a muscle. Tetanus requires high stimulus frequencies. This tells us that t he calcium re-uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is slower than the original release. The rate of muscle relaxation is ofttimes slower after tetanus than after a single twitch because more calcium needs to be re-taken up and it takes longer to get all the extra added calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.A study on jumping bullfrogs by Marsh and Roberts reveals two points of interest first, frogs jump far than they should, considering only the force their muscles are able to generate. Second, muscles are able to do the most work when they contract slowly, however frog jumping involves a very rapid causal agency. They explain that by separating the performance of muscular work from the application of mechanical work to the body, a catapult-like mechanism, which works by onus elastic elements into the limbs prior to initiating a jump, overcomes the constraints of skeletal muscle function (Marsh and Roberts 2003).Another study by Aerts and Nauwelaerts (2006) indicates that by taking more small jumps as opposed to fewer larger jumps, frogs can increase their flexibility in movement because they would be able to change direction during the forward movement part jumping. Theoretically this means they would spend less time in the same spot during landing and recovery of the jumping cycle, which makes them more plausibly to be snatched by a predator.Frogs have physiological mechanisms that have enabled their muscles to generate enough force for jumping and swimming locomotion including changing the frequency of the action potential and increasing the number of active motor units. As mentioned before, frogs are a keystone species, meaning other organisms rely on it and not always directly in a predator-prey relationship. Without frogs, food webs would twig and lead to the demise of many other species and potentially entire ecosystems. This study is important because it serves as a model for understanding skeletal muscle mechanisms in other organisms incl uding humans.