Wages of Sin Revealed in The Divine Comedy :: Divine Comedy Inferno Essays

Wages of Sin Revealed in The Divine Comedy In his poem The Divine Comedy. The Inferno, Dante Alighieri gives his audience a clear vivid presentation of what he as a follower of the Christian religion perceives to be hell. Dante shows that human sin is punishable in miscellaneous degrees of severity and that this is dependent on the nature of ones sinful actions. He sets forth what could very well be the most fully developed Christian cause of justice on earth, and that is that what we do as human beings go forth determine what happens to us in the event of death based on Gods judgment. In paper his poem Dante uses symbolism, allegorism and imagery among other literary effects to place his poem analogically to life as it was during his day and age. Dante structures The Inferno around thirty four cantos. individually of these cantos marks a steady progression from the mildest to the worst of sins. The cantos depict sinners under various forms of punishment which are commensur ate to the nature of their sins. Dante categorizes sin into three unlike categories of fraud, incontinence and violence. In canto I he mentions three animals namely , a leopard, a lion and a she-wolf. These animals act as symbolisms for the various types of sins. The sins depicted in canto XVIII are symbolized by the she-wolf which acts as a symbol for the sins of fraud. The sins of fraud are placed the furthest from God in the deepest pits of hell, scrawny Satan. In canto XVIII Dante and his guide Virgil find themselves in the eighth circle, called the Malebolge. It is in the Malebolge, that each of the kinds of simple fraud are punished in the concentric ditches. In the first ditch, Dante sees two files of naked sinners each running in opposite direction, whipped by demons. These sinners are the panderers and the seducers. Dante recognizes Venedico Caccianemico, a man he once knew. Venedico in this aspect is depicted as having sold his sister, Ghisola to serve the will and l ust of another man, Marquis. Dante at this point uses a fellow contemporary to show what happens when one goes against the will of God and sins. Venedico betrays his family ties and his indifference in this act results in his eternal punishment of being whipped by demons.

Christianity and The Promotion of Slavery Essay examples -- Social Stu

One of the strongest roots of slavery and racism in the United States came from the Christian belief that blackness was linked with evil. This notion was used as moralistic justification to capture, enslave, punish, mutilate, and otherwise just inhumanely treat darker- fightned African great deal.Even before the colonies had been well established, It was widely accepted in Christianity that blackness and black skin were evil. One root cause behind the mating of blackness with evil was the bubonic afflict in Europe in the 14th century. The bubonic plague was a deadly epidemic which killed between thirty and fifty percent of Europes population (close to seventy-five million people). The bubonic plague, because it wiped out at least a third of Europes population, had very deep and lasting impacts on the course of history. When infected victims were very close to death, their skin would blacken as a result of hemorrhages, or blood clots. At this point, there was no hope for the victim . Hence the bubonic plague came to be known as the black death. It is also grave to commemorate that these were the middle ages, and people in this period suffered through frequent outbreaks of famine, disease, war, and generally economic hard times. Society was also not very progressive, and people lived in constant fear of God. The churches played a very large role in that dark society and in time, the bubonic plague left an ineradicable mark on Christianity black was evil and signified hunger, suffering, disease, hard times, and death.The second major contributor to the notion that blackness was evil had to do with the constant bout between western European Christian nations and the people of the middle east, typically Muslim in faith One of the defini... ... free...and baptism doth not bestow freedom on him, nor make any alteration in his temporal condition...we are also of the opinion, the master may legally compel him to return to the plantation . Later revise versions o f this philosophy which led to the fugitive slave clause in the constitution of the United States left out part about baptism, but it is important to note that their origins mentioned baptism. This is a prime instance of religious beliefs working their way into the law books regarding slavery.Works CitedBlack Death. Middle-ages.org.uk. Web. 18 May 2012. .Hood, Robert E. Begrimed and BlackChristian Traditions on Blacks and Blackness. Minneapolis Fortress, 1994. Print.Tise, Larry E. Proslavery A History of the Defense of Slavery in America. Athens Univ. of Georgia, 1987. Print.

Describing a personal experience in helping the community :: essays research papers

Two lunchtimes a week I take part in my schools Earth Dwellers Recycling Club. I take part in recycling as I feel that I am actu all(prenominal)y making a difference to the local milieus current litter pollution issues. By recycling, more pollution is cut down from our school, and hopefully, our school fraternity will look up to our font and perhaps be inspired to do the same in their future years. I also hoped to gain skills such as teamwork, social-skills, and any other to be achieved. The school does not have to pay extra fees to hire garbage collectors within school, so a lot of hard labour and money is saved. This drill only requires some time, effort and consideration from pupils belonging to the school. The activities affected other members of staff as they did not have to partake in any tasks and apparently had to dispose of their litter with more thought and not have to do our job, which was nevertheless achieved in our spare time. I believe I gained social-interaction skills as a lot was needed to perform procedures such as carrying the bins, asking each-other to collect resources e.g. hygiene gloves and simply communicating when assigning each team to different floors and I was also quite proud of benefactoring new members to join the team, as they also valued being welcome in the team and my guided help showing them how to recycle and perform procedures correctly. I also feel that I have gained a higher self esteem, as Neil Armstrong once said, one elflike step for man, means one giant leap for mankind as if all schools contribute to recycling and follow our example, we may be able to net a large-scale difference to litter-pollution, and pupils attitudes in general. I also feel more apt in being encouraged to take part in group-tasks, and activities, which make a true difference e.g. recycling, thus the activity has also raised my confidence levels greatly.A large impact of my activities was put on teachers and those in the school who pay fo r garbage collectors, as they need not worry about the recycling bins since we are continuously taking part and recycling all the schools recyclable waste materials. Impact from recycling is put on most pupils, members of staff and anyone who enters this school as the reduction of litter provides a warmer, tidier and more environmentally-friendly line to the school, which is crucial for those pupils who rely on surroundings to make them feel more comfortable to learn.

Total Quality Management Essay -- business, TQM, productivity, perform

Before diving into the ideology of organic Quality prudence, we need to have an understanding of what the term Quality means. The term quality is frequently apply to signify the level of distinction of a product or service. The term Quality in some engineering organisations may be used to bushel that a piece of metal conforms to a definite physical dimension and characteristics often set down in the form of a particular bunch specification. The motion of quality development generally and total quality focussing in particular have become very popular in the States during the past three decades. The fierce competitiveness of the global market is the force that generates this motion. As the parallel rebuff of the the Statesn economy in the late one hundred ninetys became perceptible, many U.S industries started transforming the traditional way of doing business into an organisational approach paying focus on the continuous development so as to become competitive. the States in th e 1980s embarked on the journey for the Quality development motion journey. The prestigious Malcolm Baldridge national quality award is the most distinguished symbol of Americas quality revolution (Hiam, 1992). Actually, quality has been one the private sectors principal concentrations for a long time. The fact still remains so today. In the early years of the quality trend, the focus on quality was on quality circles (Barra, 1983), quality control and quality assurance (Ishikawa, 1991). The top plan of many organisations in the private sectors to improve and develop on quality, productivity and competitive position is the drive for total quality management (TQM) (Hunt, 1992). Since the 1990s TQM has started to be extensive beyond the private sector ... .... 2.Chartered Quality Institute (2013) Total Quality Management (TQM). Online Available from http//www.thecqi.org/Knowledge-Hub/Resources/Factsheets/Total-quality-management/ Accessed on twenty-first Oct, 2013.3.Prof. Bagad, V. S. (2008) Total Quality Management in Total Quality Management. India Sharniwar peth.4.Tolsma, Denis (2011) Total Quality Management in Macro-organizational factors. Switzerland Geneva. 5.Rawlins, R. A. (2008) Total Quality Management in Total Quality Management. Indiana Bloomington. 6.Phu, V.H. (2011) Historical Evolution of TQM literature. Total Quality Management Approach to the Information Systems Development Processes An Empirical Study. 1,2 10-117.Inc. (2013) Total Quality Management (TQM). Online Available from http//www.inc.com/encyclopedia/total-quality-management-tqm.html/2 Accessed on 27th Oct, 2013.

The Democratic Value of Whitmans Leaves of Grass Essay -- Whitman Lea

Early reviews of Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass evince an incipient awareness of the unifying and acutely democratic aspects of the poetry. An article in the November 13th, 1856, issue of the mod York Daily Times describes the modest, self-published book of twelve seemingly formless poems As we read it again and again, and we will confess that we have returned to it often, a singular state seems to arise bring out of its chaotic verses (2). The Daily Timess identification of order out of chaos in Leaves of Grass parallels Americas theoretical declaration of e pluribus unum, one out of manya uniquely democratic objective. Also manifesting the early perception of the democratic poetic in Leaves of Grass, yet focusing more on Whitman and his content, an 1856 mutant of the North American Review asserts, Walter Whitman, an American,one of the roughs,no sentimentalist,no stander above men and women, or apart from them,no more modest than immodest,has tried to economize down here, in a sort of prose poetry, a good deal of what he has seen, felt, and guessed at in a pilgrimage of some thirty-five days (275). Here, Whitman is seen as the archetypal American, practicing the democratic ideal of human equality. The reviewers awareness of order out of chaos and of the ideological American attitude of equality is a written history of the problems of nineteenth-century, post-Jacksonian America, for the presence of their observations, which celebrate Whitmans democratic vision, can only suggest the absence of that vision in American politics and culture. Indeed, the language of mid-nineteenth-century reviews of Leaves of Grass reflects nostalgia for the familiarity focus of early Jeffersonian America, a focus that was fading in a cul... ...cas Lyric-Epic of Self and Democracy. New York Twayne, 1992. - - - . Walt Whitman. Boston Twayne, 1990. Remini, Robert V. The Legacy of Andrew Jackson Essays on Democracy, Indian Removal, and Slavery. Baton Rouge Louisiana State UP, 1988. Southard, Sherry. Whitman and Language Great Beginnings for Great American Poetry. Mount Olive Review 4 (Spring 1990) 45-54. Warren, James Perrin. Walt Whitmans Language Experiment. University place Pennsylvania State UP, 1990. Whitman, Walt. After the Sea-Ship. Bradley and Blodgett 263. - - - . As I Ebbd with the Ocean of Life. Bradley and Blodgett 253-256. - - - . On the Beach at Night Alone. Bradley and Blodgett 260-261. - - - . Song for All Seas, All Ships. Bradley and Blodgett 261-262. - - - . Preface 1855Leaves of Grass, premier(prenominal) Edition. Bradley and Blodgett 711-731.

The Democratic Value of Whitmans Leaves of Grass Essay -- Whitman Lea

Early reviews of Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass evince an incipient awareness of the unifying and acutely democratic aspects of the poetry. An article in the November 13th, 1856, issue of the New York free-and-easy Times describes the modest, self-published book of twelve seemingly formless poems As we read it again and again, and we will confess that we have returned to it often, a singular order seems to tog up out of its chaotic verses (2). The Daily Timess identification of order out of chaos in Leaves of Grass parallels Americas theoretical declaration of e pluribus unum, one out of many another(prenominal)a uniquely democratic objective. Also manifesting the early perception of the democratic poetic in Leaves of Grass, yet counselinging more on Whitman and his content, an 1856 edition of the uniting American Review asserts, Walter Whitman, an American,one of the roughs,no sentimentalist,no stander above men and women, or apart from them,no more modest than immodest,has trie d to write obliterate here, in a sort of prose poetry, a good deal of what he has seen, felt, and guessed at in a pilgrimage of some thirty-five years (275). Here, Whitman is seen as the archetypal American, practicing the democratic ideal of human equality. The reviewers awareness of order out of chaos and of the ideological American attitude of equality is a written business relationship of the problems of nineteenth-century, post-Jacksonian America, for the presence of their observations, which celebrate Whitmans democratic vision, can only suggest the absence of that vision in American politics and culture. Indeed, the language of mid-nineteenth-century reviews of Leaves of Grass reflects nostalgia for the community focus of early Jeffersonian America, a focus that was fading in a cul... ...cas Lyric-Epic of Self and Democracy. New York Twayne, 1992. - - - . Walt Whitman. Boston Twayne, 1990. Remini, Robert V. The Legacy of Andrew Jackson Essays on Democracy, Indian Removal, and Slavery. wand Rouge Louisiana State UP, 1988. Southard, Sherry. Whitman and Language Great Beginnings for Great American Poetry. Mount Olive Review 4 (Spring 1990) 45-54. Warren, James Perrin. Walt Whitmans Language Experiment. University Park pappa State UP, 1990. Whitman, Walt. After the Sea-Ship. Bradley and Blodgett 263. - - - . As I Ebbd with the Ocean of Life. Bradley and Blodgett 253-256. - - - . On the Beach at Night Alone. Bradley and Blodgett 260-261. - - - . Song for All Seas, All Ships. Bradley and Blodgett 261-262. - - - . Preface 1855Leaves of Grass, First Edition. Bradley and Blodgett 711-731.

Operation management †London eye case study Essay

Quality con nones consistence conformance to costumer expectations (Slack, chamber & Johnston 2010 pg 40) Quality for the capital of the United Kingdom centre of attention could mean inclinationing a structure that provides a poultrys eye view of capital of the United Kingdom. Quality could also mean a high design of their processes, including ensuring that any 32 capsules are cleaned, staff are well trained in health and caoutchouc and are always professional at all times. Quality also means the capital of the United Kingdom eye is safe and reliable. Quality also means that the timed admissions booking systems (TABS) is on time. Quality could also mean error free processing for their timed admissions system. Quality means that all parts for the London eye is made to specification and the assembly is made to specifications.velocity objectives promote within the accomplishment could mean minimising the time it takes costumers from boarding to disembarking. Speed could also mean minimising the time it takes from designing and planning the London eye to the finish of construction to the London eye. Speed could also mean providing a high throughput rate during the year to cope with passengers demand. Example The London eye take some six million people each year the London eye would have to provide a high throughput rate for the year to manage the demand. Speed could mean the immediate stoppage of the London eye if an error is found with the wheel, a good example in March 2008 engineers found a problem, the London eye was immediately stopped and emergency repairs take place. (Ronca 2002 pg 3) Dependability objectivesDependability means doing things in time for costumers to receive their goods or services. (Slack, Chambers & Johnston 2010 pg 44) Dependability for the London eye include on time opening hours and closing hours, on time boarding and disembarking , keeping to reasonable queuing times to veto long queues and increasing the flow of passengers bo arding and disembarking and Keeping to TABS time.Flexibility objectivesChanging the operation in some way either by changing what the operation does, how the operation is done or when it is being done. (Slack, Chambers & Johnston 2010 pg 46)Mix flexibility The London eye main objective is to provide a birds eye view of London in the early years, now with mix flexibility the London provides a range of other services including individual(a) capsules, wedding partnerships and corporate events. The London eye also provides volume flexibility by providing by changing the opening hours and closing hours during the overwinter months and summer months. Ensuring more people passel avail of their services during the summer months compared to the winter months. Cost objectivesThe London eye cost include staff cost construction costs, impartation costs and maintenance costs. The staff costs include staff wages and training, Construction costs include the making of the parts of the London eye, this includes the A-frame legs, hub and spindle, back take a breather cables, spoke cables, rim, and insulated capsules. Transportation costs contain transferring each parts of the London eye using barges up the River Thames. bread and butter costs include a safety check on all parts of the eye especially the hydraulic motors, drive systems, safety systems and the backup safety system.Day to day operating costs includes heating, lighting and cleaning of the capsules. (See excel document for breakdown). Overall maintenance costs and construction costs take up most of the London eye. Operating costs especially heating can be reduced by providing a system were the heat in empty capsules can be switched off everywhere a long period of time especially during the winter months because they may expect low passenger demand. E.g On a cold and wet winter day, the passengers numbers for the London eye will be reduced compared to a summer day. Heating could be turned off at this time. This reduces costs and at the same time increase productivity.Question 232 capsules X 25 people = 800 passengers for half can hour. 800 people X 2 = 1600 passengers per hour.summertime muniment10am 9.30pm = 12 hours1600 passengers X 12 hours = 19,200 passengers for 12 hours/day. 19,200 passengers X 7 days = 134,440 passengers per calendar week.Summer weeks = 24 weeks.thusly total capacity for the summer is134,440 passengers per week X 24 weeks = 3,225,600 passengers Winter Schedule1600 X 8 hours = 12, 800 passengers for an 8 hours/day10am 6pm = 8 hours12,800 passengers X 7 days = 89,600 passengers per week.Winter weeks = 28 weeks.Therefore total capacity for the winter is89,600 passengers per week X 28 weeks = 2,508,800 passengersTotal capacity based on the operating schedule of the London eye is schedulePassengersWinter schedule2,508,800Summer schedule3,225,600Total operating Capacity5,734,400Question 3There could be a wrong of use on the London eye due to variety of issues. Weather conditions The weather conditions can affect the London eye in a number of ways examples employment can be affected in a number of ways. Heavy winds can affect the recitation of the eye forcing it to stop also heavy nose candy can delay and reduce the amount of rotations the eye can perform or worse snowfall could mean that the London eye will not be operational.BlackoutsBlackouts will have a major impact on the London eye. The London eye ispowered electrically it needs electricity to exclude and in the event of a blackout, the London eye will be defective meaning it wont be available to the public.MaintenanceMaintenance in the case of the London eye mean checking for problems with the machines and servicing and replacing parts of the machines, maintenance could also mean cleaning the thirty two capsules. This can affect the utilisation of the service. Maintenance would not affect the utilisation if it is carried out after the opening hours of the London eye.Industrial actionsIndustrial actions in the form of run can result to a loss in utilisation because without employees operating the London eye it means tourist cannot make use of the service it offers tip to a loss in utilisation.Security threatsAlthough this is very unlikely, security threats especially terrorism threats or bomb blasts can also lead to a loss in utilisation. A bomb blast around the London eye could totally destroy it or cause massive damage making the London eye unrepairable while a terror threats would force the staff to evacuate tourists on the London eye. Health issuesHealth issues could pose a threat to the utilisation of the eye, If a tourist is being sick or injured or a pregnant woman is in one of the capsules during the rotation and goes into labour. The passengers would need to be rushed to the hospital, passengers wont be allowed in any capsules until the passengers have been taken of the capsules. Future development.Future development could lead to a loss of uti lisation in the future for the London eye if larger buildings are built around the area of the London eye and thus hindering the view of known buildings around the eye, People wont find the London eye, causing passengers numbers to fall leading to loss in utilisation.Competition based tourist destinations.This could also lead to a loss in utilisation indirectly. If people find other tourist destinations in London more attractive than the London eye, like the Big Ben or Chessington world of adventures or the globe. This could lead to a loss in passengers numbers to a low aim for the London eye which creates loss in utilisation. The London eye process.This is relates more on the employees if employees are handling the operations of getting passengers on and off the capsules gravely this could lead to sometimes not all capsules being filled, longer queues and a major loss in the utilisation of the London eye.Bibliography1. Debra Ronca,(2008) How the London eye organise Available fr om http//adventure.howstuffworks.com/london-eye2.htm. Accessed 28 November 20122. Slack, Chambers & Johnston,(2010), Operations Management London Prentice Pearson

Toulmin Model

Josh Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals Legally? In the article, Special Licenses for Immigrants Draw Protests in North Carolina, by David Zucchino, he tells a story of a fight over drivers licenses for illegal immigrants in North Carolina. The pick out issue with the license is that it has a pink stripe speed across the top of the card, and a phrase saying No Lawful Status, as healthy as a restriction on the back reiterating the same fact.Many people, including the author based on his biased sources, are opposed to this label and say that it is judicial and will provide a stigma to immigrants with this license. Supporting designate is shown through a various number of sources, mainly the illegal immigrants themselves. These immigrants are protected under the deferred action program, which provides work permits and defers deportation for two years for immigrants brought into the uncouth as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marroquin, who is a coo rdinator for an advocacy group, asks, why make it so discriminatory, and then says that they are onerous to out illegal immigrants. The American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina (ACLU) says that it is excess and could lead to harassment and racial profiling. The Latin American Coalition in Charlotte says that it would create a class of inferior citizens, considering that over 15,000 deferred-action applicants have been approved in North Carolina. The warrants coming with the claim are both explicit and implied.When you look at the grand picture, knowing how society reacts to labels, this label would invoke a prejudicious stigma on anyone using or showing this card in public. The backing for this follows fount with all of the support. Other immigrants are opposing it, saying that they wont be able to make purchases with checks, order a beer or get on an airplane using this as a form of ID. until now though Republicans typically are opposed to any issue favoring immigra nts, Zucchino counts to put a coil on their legislature. The Red North Carolina legislature has temporarily suspend the bill in order to give time for legislators to block or limit the license.Zucchino talking to this fact in a way to make it seem that even the very legislators that run this country, do not want this license to come to fruition for the same reasons as the immigrants themselves. A brief rebuttal comes in the form of a conveyment from a spokeswoman from the NC Department of Transportation. She claims that the design of the license stemmed from the state attorney generals opinion. From there, the idea went through weeks of duologue with federal and state agencies, and even advocacy groups. She says that this is all about the individuals being able to get their drivers licenses. Toulmin ModelJosh Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals Legally? In the article, Special Licenses for Immigrants Draw Protests in North Carolina, by David Zucchi no, he tells a story of a fight over drivers licenses for illegal immigrants in North Carolina. The key issue with the license is that it has a pink stripe running across the top of the card, and a phrase saying No Lawful Status, as well as a restriction on the back reiterating the same fact.Many people, including the author based on his biased sources, are opposed to this label and say that it is discriminatory and will provide a stigma to immigrants with this license. Supporting evidence is shown through a various number of sources, mainly the illegal immigrants themselves. These immigrants are protected under the deferred action program, which provides work permits and defers deportation for two years for immigrants brought into the country as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marroquin, who is a coordinator for an advocacy group, asks, why make it so discriminatory, and then says that they are trying to out illegal immigrants. The American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina (ACLU) says that it is unnecessary and could lead to harassment and racial profiling. The Latin American Coalition in Charlotte says that it would create a class of inferior citizens, considering that over 15,000 deferred-action applicants have been approved in North Carolina. The warrants coming with the claim are both explicit and implied.When you look at the big picture, knowing how society reacts to labels, this label would invoke a negative stigma on anyone using or showing this card in public. The backing for this follows suit with all of the support. Other immigrants are opposing it, saying that they wont be able to make purchases with checks, order a beer or get on an airplane using this as a form of ID. Even though Republicans typically are opposed to any issue favoring immigrants, Zucchino seems to put a spin on their legislature. The Red North Carolina legislature has temporarily suspended the bill in order to give time for legislators to block or limit the license.Zucch ino words this fact in a way to make it seem that even the very legislators that run this country, do not want this license to come to fruition for the same reasons as the immigrants themselves. A brief rebuttal comes in the form of a statement from a spokeswoman from the NC Department of Transportation. She claims that the design of the license stemmed from the state attorney generals opinion. From there, the idea went through weeks of talks with federal and state agencies, and even advocacy groups. She says that this is all about the individuals being able to get their drivers licenses.

The Beauty of Chinese Poetry

Chinese poetry is considered to be some of the most beautiful poetry in the world. In the poem In Early spend Lodging in a tabernacle to Enjoy the Moonlight by Po Chu-I the authors use of reputation, the city of Chang-an, and his friendship with the others that join him is genuinely a symbol of equaliser from Chinese culture. In this poem Po Chu-I discusses the destruction of beauty and the loss connection with its boundaries. His use of words paints a find of a beautiful scene that would capture the imagination of any reviewer. Is Po Chu-Is poem a invite reflection of Taoisms views of balance?In this poem Po Chu-I uses nature to reflect the beauty that is missing in the city that he and his friends now live in. In one event, When the wind has stolen the shadows of sweet leaves and birds linger on the last boughs the bloom the authors use of nature allow the reader to know that it is early summer when him and his friends go on this journey outside of the city. Also, another example, And the South-East was still clothed in red the authors use of words along with nature allows the reader to know that it is sunset.With simple use of nature the author has let you know where this takes place, what time of year it is and time of day. Po Chu-I use of nature is a to a lower placelying element of this poem and shows the beauty of nature to the reader. In the city of Chang-an the author and his friends have been trying to get rich and have decided to take a break and leave the city and go to the temple of Tao. In this poem the city represents the destruction of nature and a place where they feel unfulfilled. One example of this is In Chang-an, the place of profit and fame, Such moods as this, how many men know? The author refers to this as a comparison of the city to the beauty of the nature that has been destroyed by the city life. Po Chu-I used the city as the opposite of nature, he even explains how the city is separated from the nature with a gate. Chang-a n is a symbol of the unfulfilled happiness that the author and his friends are feeling by living in the city. The friendships that Po Chu-I show in this poem are clear to the reader.Till day broke we sat in her clear light laughing and singing, and yet ever grew tired is a good example of the authors friendships that he has and how they all traveled out into nature to sing and dance under the moonlight. It shows the connection that the author and his friends share with one another. A resembling example To the western cloister we carried our jar of wine while we waited for the moon, out cups moved slow The author and his friends all share this common bond of cosmos unfulfilled living in the city, and all travel outside of the city to bask in nature, share a drink or two, and dance under the moonlight. This is an example of nature and the city being connected by the authors friendships.In the poem In Early Summer Lodging in a Temple to Enjoy the Moonlight Po Chu-I used many techniqu es to connect the ideas of Taoism into his poem. He incorporated nature, friendship, and the city of Chang-an. All of these techniques helped to create a poem that not simply appeals to the imagination of the reader but also the complex problems of feeling unfulfilled with a disconnection with nature. Po Chu-I used all these techniques and created a perfect balance between nature, city living, and friendship. This conveys the balance that is taught in Taoism in Chinese culture.

Closely Examine the Character of Melanie in Hitchcock’s the Birds

The Birds is a psychological thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It centres around Melanie, a green city girl, who journeys into danger into a small coastal town called Bodega Bay to play a working joke on a potential l everyplace, Mitch. A series of unfortunate Bird barrages follow her and wreck havoc on the town and its inhabitants. As the film progresses, Melanie tries, on several occasions, to go against the social average of women of the 1950s every time she does she gets punished and gradually destroyed until she becomes the dominant ideology.At the start of the film, Melanie seems strong and independent. From the offset she is seen as an individualist. In the beginning(a) scene she is first seen walking down a street in a fitted jacket and pencil skirt, this was seen as too provocative and was not the usual dress engrave for a 1950s woman the norm would be a dress with either a swing skirt or a poodle skirt. along with the fitted clothes, Melanie has perfectly groomed pig and perfectly painted fingernails these be signs of her emotional state and will change through knocked disclose(p) the film.Also in this scene the audience end hear a wolf whistle from a man directed at Melanie, she turns and smiles, telling the audience that she enjoys male attention and is comfortable and confident in the city environment. In the next scene, Melanie is in a bird shop. This is when Mitch is first seen when Melanie first sees Mitch she immediately becomes flirtatious and thinks that she is in tick off of what is happening, when really Mitch is in control as he knows exactly who Melanie is while she does not know who he is.After Mitch plays a practical joke on Melanie in the bird shop, Melanie sets out to let the cat out of the bag to him again, and when she finds out that he is not staying in his home in the city but in a small town up the coast, Bodega Bay, she sets out on her own little practical joke. This journey will take her out of her comfort zone , the city, and put her in unknown surroundings and ultimately danger. During the drive, Melanie looks very contented but is unaware that she is journeying into danger.The actions of the two love birds in their cage and the speed of the car are deliberately made to look fake as to lull the audience in to a false sense of security and to mask the danger to come, this ties into the genre of deceit that is seen throughout the film. When Melanie reaches Bodega Bay, it is quite obvious that she is out of place all the towns citizens are casually dressed which contrasts with Melanies immaculate hair and nails and her fitted clothes. Melanie is treated as novelty by the citizens that she encounters.After she plays her practical joke on Mitch at his house, she races him back to Bodega Bay but he beats her and stands waiting for her. The mood is very light hearted as both characters are smiling but the mood changes to become very serious as Melanie is struck by a seagull on the head. This i s the first bird clap and the first time, of many, that Mitch is there to rescue her from danger. After the attack Melanie is composed once again but her gloves are blood stained and she does not wear them again, represent that her first layer of protection is gone.This first attack is the start of Melanies confident and independent exterior being pecked away by the birds. After the attack Melanie goes back to Mitchs and meets his mother, a very demanding and controlling woman. In these few scenes where they are together Melanie is seen with high angle camera shots, presentation that she is weak and nerveless in their home, whilst Lydia is seen with low angle camera shots, demonstrating her power and dominance over the family and Melanie.In their next encounter their roles in the household switch Lydia becoming frail and bewildered whereas Melanie is now dominant and in control. The next significant change in Melanies character and emotional state is during the bird attack on t he gas station. Melanie shows an act of independence and defiance by taking shelter in a Telephone Box, away from the security of Mitch and other men, but when she tries to get out again she is attacked by the birds, eventually the glass panels of the Telephone box shatter, representing her fragility.High angle shows, once again, that Melanie is weak and powerless. The paint on her fingernails is still intact but her hair is not as groomed as it started out, signifying that her emotional state and independence has been damaged again and she has been punished for her act of defiance. For the second time, Mitch has to come and rescue Melanie from the birds, showing that she is becoming more and more dependable on the security of men, especially Mitch. During the penultimate attack by the birds Melanies state of mind changes nce again she has regained her ability and has taken over the role of mother of the family. This is shown by low angle camera shots and in her actions. When Mitc hs sister, Cathy, gets sick, it is Melanie, not the mother, that takes her to the kitchen. However, these moments of defiance are short lived, for afterward the birds appear to have left the house, Melanie hears bird sounds coming from the attic and climbs the stairs, on her own, to see what it is.She hesitates at the door of the attic, there is a close up of her mass and her nails are still intact, and when she does open the door, she does so only to find a flock of birds which attack her mercilessly. This, her last act of independence, ends in disaster and her destruction as an independent woman. For the final time Mitch comes to rescue Melanie from the birds. Melanies destruction is symbolised by her looking dishevelled and wrapped up in bandages. Mitch then carries Melanie to the car, demonstrating Melanies integral dependence on Mitch.Melanies destruction is finally symbolised by an extreme close up of her nails, which are completely broken and chipped. The ways in which Mel anie changes over the course of The Birds, her frame of mind could be compared to a yo-yo. At the start she was completely independent and self sufficient, but during different parts of the film she either upset some of her independence or gained some. By the end of the film, Melanie ends up being the polar-opposite of what she started out to be. At the end she was totally dependent on Mitch and had lost all independence. Making her the dominant ideology of a woman of the 1950s.

How is globalization affecting marketplaces in remote areas of the world? Essay

Quality of life for the poor is increased at an accelerated rate. The poor are p fraud capable to earn money and afford to buy the things they need. The International Monetary Fund talks about a study of the subject that was carried out by World Bank economists David Dollar and Aart KraayThey concluded that since 1980, globalization has contributed to a reduction in poverty as well as a reduction in global income inequality. They found that in globalizing countries in the ontogeny world, income per person grew three-and-a-half times faster than in non-globalizing countries, during the 1990s. In general, they noted, higher growth rates in globalizing developing countries have translated into higher incomes for the poor. Dollar and Kraay also found that in virtually all events in which a country experienced growth at a rate of two percent or more, the income of the poor rose. (IMF Staff, 2008)Information sharing capabilities are provided through the introduction of technology infrast ructure introduced into remote areas. Farmers are able to research and share best practice techniques. Crop yields would likely rise. A paper by Dr. Alka Dhameja and Dr. Uma Medury discusses the Warna Wired Village Project in IndiaThe original objective of this see to it is to demonstrate the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in the accelerated socio-economic development of villages around Warna Nagar in the Kolhapur and Sangli districts of the state of Maharashtra. The project area has a cluster of 70 villages, consisting of 46 villages from Kolhapur and 24 villages from Sangli district. It has been jointly implemented by the presidency of India through the National Informatics Centre (NIC), the Government of Maharashtra, and the Warna Cooperative Society.This project was initiated to serve the information needs of the farmers for different crop cultivation practices of major crops such as sugarcane, pest and disease control merchandise and pr ocessing information etc., right up to the village level through networked facilitation booths in the villages. Theexisting cooperative structure has been used along with the state of the art infrastructure to allow Internet access to the existing cooperative societies.Issues in remote areas have opened new markets for some companies. Blandine Laperche and Gilliane Lefebvre describe the reverse transformation approach by GE HealthCare who locates the research design centers for products in the developing country itselfThe first ultra-portable electrocardiogram (ECG) was fully designed, worked out and produced in India to worthy the needs of a large number of remote rural inhabitants who had to be visited by fully equipped doctors. To face the frequent mains failures that occurred in many Indian regions as well as a serious shortage of healthcare professionals, the Mac i had batteries and was designed for an easy use. It was portable and light so that doctors could take aim to the patients who lived in remote areas.GE HealthCare brought some of the technological advantages of developed countries to remote areas of the globe. One of the greatest things about it was that even though the performance features may be half of the original product, the cost for the new portable units were 85 percent lower.(Laperche & Lefebvre, 2012)ReferencesDhameja, D., & Medury, D. (n.d.). Information and Communication Technology in the Globalization Era The Socio-economic Concerns. Retrieved January 16, 2015, from http//unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/ state-supported/documents/eropa/unpan014261.pdfIMF Staff. (2008, May 2). Issues Brief Globalization A Brief Overview. Retrieved January 16, 2015, from https//www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2008/053008.htmLaperche, B., & Lefebvre, G. (2012). The globalization of Research &Development in industrial corporations Towards reverse innovation? Retrieved January 17, 2015, from http//www.cairn.info/zen.php?ID_ARTICLE=JIE_010_0053

Effects of nursing rounds on patients’ call light use

The article Effects of nursing rounds on unhurrieds birdsong light use, satisfaction and safety as inform by Meade, Bursell, & Ketelsen (2006) examines the possible implications that implementation of regular rounds by nannys might have on patients and nurses. The aspiration of the study is to attend the extent to which the relative frequency of responding to call lights affects patient-c ar attention and the possible contribution that prevalent nurse presence can make. The independent variables are scheduled one-hour or two-hour rounds as they affect the dependent variables of number and frequency of patient use of call button, patient satisfaction and the safety of patients.The research functions under the hypothesis that scheduled rounds by nursing cater, involving the performance of certain ordinary tasks related to patient comfort and concerns, on medical, surgical or medical-surgical wards would have the effect of reducing the rate of use of call lights by patients, of increasing boilersuit patient satisfaction and of improving the safety of patients. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables is thus expected to be dogmatic. This hypothesis directly aligns with the specific purpose of the study.The literature reviewed in this study is quite comprehensive c all overing material from both classic and modern sources. Materials cited are from primary data sources and the majority decrease within five years prior to the research. The concepts examined are rounding, patient satisfaction and call light usage. Table 1 provides a list of activities involved in rounding procedures. The literature review examines prior research exploring the variables under consideration such(prenominal) as the correlation between rounding and patient safety and between rounding and frequency of use of call light. The authors note, however, that specific research exploring the relationship of the nursing rounds on the aforementioned variables is lacking or inadequate. This research presents new cognition on the correlation between scheduled rounds by nurses except and improved care delivery.The theoretical framework that forms the basis of the research is that improved patient-care management and patient satisfaction and safety are achievable with interventions that nurses can initiate and carry out. The research is of a quasi-experimental design which means that the researcher had little influence over the assignment of the infirmary units into either of the experimental or checker group. Hospitals opted to experiment with either a one-hour or a two-hour round in a medical, surgical or medical-surgical unit plus a control group in a separate unit over a four week period. about administrators were asked to change a particular choice, however, so as to ensure equitable distribution crossways groups. Nurses in the experimental groups were trained on the procedures to follow during the rounds. The control group received no intervention but was briefed on how to record the use of call lights by patients.The sample consists of 46 units in 22 hospitals across 14 states and representing both urban and rural populations. To be eligible hospitals were required to have medical, surgical or medical-surgical units, less than 5% external agency employees and nurse managers capable of overseeing the research. There is no evidence of randomization. Informed consent was through hospital administrators. The sample size is quite small given that there were only about 16 units per subgroup or a little over one per state. The sample size is not thus reasonable or equitable.Call light logs were utilise to record the room and time as well as to specify which of 26 given reasons, were responsible for patient calls. Patient satisfaction data was obtained from hospital administered surveys and questionnaires. Patient safety was recorded as the number of falls. Where dependableness and validity of data was questionable they were not included in the analysis.Data collection strategies were clearly exposit except for the questionnaire which the researchers had no control over. Data analysis procedures which include the use of means and t-test comparisons of the times that call lights were used among the groups. Ranking and classification were used to determine the seriousness of the calls made and the most frequent reasons. Paired t tests were used to analyze number of patient falls to determine patient safety.Results reveal that frequent rounds improve patient care as supported by the data showing one-hour rounds having a more significant impact on the other variables. The researchers confide that the findings are globalizable to the majority of U.S. hospitals. This view is questionable given the numerous limitations of the research. Further research into the possible correlation of these variables in various hospital settings, across different units, among diverse populations is necessary. A m ore longitudinal survey would best reveal generalizability.The sample size of the research was quite small. There was a lack of randomization so hospitals seemed to have chosen the experimental method that was more appealing to them. Researchers had little control over some of the instruments and thus were unable to ensure their reliability or validity. There were also no adequate procedures put in place to ensure nurse compliance in performing rounds and completing logs. to boot staff may have been rotated between groups and thus brought practices from one into the other.The findings of this research, though not completely generalizable, have significant implications for nursing practice and general health care administration. If further research into the correlation between regular rounds and improved patient safety and satisfaction corresponds to the present findings then administrators result aim to consider reorganizing their nursing schedules. The benefits to be gained from having nurses perform routine rounds seem to be positive and therefore the implementation of this method could become a mainstay of health institutions. Of course the research suggests that nurses do not have to complete these rounds, that other personnel could be utilized in accomplishing this. However, where constraints of resources are limited, having nurses complete regular rounds could be a very economical option.Meade, Bursell, & Ketelsen (2006) suggest that the consequent impact of these rounds on overall patient satisfaction and safety could have a corresponding positive effect on the number of lawsuits filed against hospitals for negligent practices. More routine monitoring of patients implies that nurses are able to check both serious and non serious matters before they escalate. specially with one-hour rotations serious relapses in patients health while they are unsupervised would be avoided. It is in the rare case where patients experiencing difficulties are unable to get medical service in a reasonable amount of time. Discomfort could therefore be estimated during these routine visits.This could be a solution administrators use to address nursing shortages, ensuring that patients are adequately monitored. Long-term scheduling of rounds could be done in little time bearing in mind staff allocations. Where necessary other staff may be utilized even alternating rounds with nurses so that the patient is visited by a nurse every two hours.Further nurses would be held more accountable for the patients in their care. Administrators contemplating this method could also consider using logs to record the time of patient visits and the state of the patient during these visits and requiring that nurses complete these logs. Though this suggests more time demands it will mean patients calling on the nurses unnecessarily out of the scheduled round times and nurses having more time in between to attend to critical matters such as patient education. Nursing sch ools will also have to consider including additional training on round procedures.ReferencesMeade, C. M., Bursell, A. L., & Ketelsen, L. (2006, Sept). Effects of nursing rounds on patients call light use, satisfaction and safety. American Journal of Nursing, 106(9), 58-70.

Comparison of the Two Deuteronomistic History Sources

When we expression at the scripture associated with both of these commencements, it is evident that there ar differences in the narration of events concerning the rise of David as king of Israel and also in his reign as king. To begin the comparison of these two different extractions, the following are observations that I have made concerning stories that are present in the Tremendously History source but absent In the other(priestly) source.To begin with, In 1 Samuel beginning In chapter 1741 through verse 51, there Is an account of David slaying Goliath when he was a youth, and still small In stature, that Is not In the Chronicles. Then, the accounts of David being Installed In exponent Sails court and the subsequent conflict between David and King Saul including Davits fleeing from Saul and other related events in 1 Samuel 16 through 2 Samuel 1, is not mentioned at all in the Chronicles.Also, the conflict between the house of Saul and the house of David concerning who would be king of all of Israel after Sails death that is in 2 Samuel 2 through 2 Samuel 53, is not mentioned in the Chronicles. Notably absent from the Chronicles also, is the story of Davits lust for Batches that resulted in an adulterous affair which precipitated his offense of power that led to the death of Bathers husband Uriah so that David could take Batches to be his wife.This chain of events, and the devastating results that followed for Davits family, as a result of this sin, Is recorded In 2 Samuel 11-20. The Chronicler states In 1 Chronicles 1 1 that David was proclaimed king everywhere all of Israel where 2 Samuel 24 states that he was appointed king over all of Judas. Also notable, Is the omission of the battle In 2 Samuel 2118-22, where David is almost killed. Another story that was very violent in tauter that was also omitted in the Chronicles was referenced in 2 Samuel 211-14, which is the story of how David had seven of Sails descendants put to death.The story concerning Abscissas service to an elderly King David in 1 Kings 1-4, is not present in the Chronicles either. Also, Davits charge to Solomon concerning avenging the death of Banner and punishing Scheme for the curse that he had placed upon David in 1 Kings 21-2, is not illustrious in the Chronicles When I looked at 1 Chronicles, there were things present in this book that are not mentioned In the Tremendously History source concerning King David.In 1 Chronicles 21 26, fire consumes Davits sacrifice which Is not noted In 2 Samuel 2425. Also, I could not find a narration In the books of Samuel or Kings that paralleled the one In 1 Chronicles 22-29, which tells of David doing much of the preparation for the building implies that there was no opposition to Solomon being appointed the next king, but 1 Kings chapters 1 and 2 tell a different story. In Samuel, the author presents the story of Davits family, victories over enemies, and recounts the moving of the ark of the covenant.In 1 Chronicles, King Davits story is told in a different order the paving of the ark, family, victories over enemies, and then when the move of the ark is completed. Why is the story told in a different order by each source? In both of the sources, the story of King David is written to preserve the Jewish nations history, but in a selective way, according to the perspective of the source(author or authors).From the deterministic History point of view, the books of 1 and 2 Samuel and the first part of the book of 1 Kings that deal with King David, were looking backward and expressing the feelings of penitence. The breaking of the covenant with WHY, at mimes by David, by willful disobedience resulted in consequences. Ultimately, 1 and 2 Kings, show how Israel, under the reign of the Advice monarchy, ending up in captivity.The answer to the pass of why King Davits story is told is a different order by the other(priestly) source than it is by the Deterministic History source is that the other(priestly ) source wanted to punctuate King Davits concern for the worship payoff and for his temple. This aspect of the Advice monarchy is related in order to establish a link between the house of David(monarchy) and the house of Aaron(priests). The other(priestly) source provided an account of an unblemished and glorious king who was victorious over all of Israels foes.The passages of scripture about David that do not fit this unblemished image were precisely left out. This image of King David gave the Israelites hope that as he was so will their Messiah be, perfect and victorious. So, instead of looking to the past, the other(priestly) source sought to look forward in hope to Israels future. The process of critical reading has been an enlightening one for me. I used The New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version, that I purchased for this class and I have found t to be an extremely valuable resource.

Organic & Processed foods: What’s Better Essay

on that point ar a lot of differences and similarities with innate and refined viandss. Im sure when e very(prenominal)one was a kid they could extinguish whatever they wanted and didnt worry approximately what it did to their body. I remember when I was younger I would cook a building block Tostitos pizza and consume the whole thing myself in under five minutes. I wouldnt gain a pound and that same night I would construct two bad macs (back when at that place was a big mac Monday) and sit on my butt playing video games. Its non like I didnt take over the exercise. I played all sorts of little league sports including baseball and soccer.You may designate I was writing an essay on the effects of metabolism but Im much interested in finding out what the words total and solve viandss really mean. What kind of chemicals are in them and what the huge fuss is about. I think this is an important topic to write about because to a greater extent than or less people dont know what the difference is. What makes a solid aliment constitutive(a)? What happens to the sections when converting it into a graceful solid food for thought for thought? I think if you understand more than about this issue people would choose to inhabit fitter and know how easy it is to alter their diet.Organic food has gone back in report ever since the first person decided to take and seed, plant it, and then eat what the plant sustaind. This is cognize as demesne if you were confused. Over the years cultivation has evolved from types of fertilizer used, machinery, tools, equipment and even animals. Machines bathroom harvest a field of crops in one hour w present a hundred years ago it would have interpreted a full day. Processed foods are more close to our time. In the 1920s, women were growing weary of preparing foods from scratch, and ready-to-cook foods were befitting more avail fitted. foundation War I brought about new methods of food doing, including p rivyned and frozen foods. When World War II hit by the 1940s people needed away to ration the food for the soldiers. After the war, many new convenience foods were introduced like dehydrated succus, instant c strikeee, and cake mix. Farmers used binding and irrigation to increase crop yields, decreasing the vitamins and minerals in those plants. Government subsidies for feed and soy led to a food industry with a financial incentive to use high fructose corn syrup, hydrogenated oils, modified corn starches to produce lots of highly processed (and unhealthy) foods.The U. S. issued guidelines for adding iron, vitamin B, thiamine and riboflavin to bread and otherwise grain products to blue runner nutrient deficiencies. With all of the changes that were going on in the food industry there was always somebody trying to tighten the noose by the power of democracy. Soon farmers were be replaced by machines and factories. Fast food corporations were growing more and more and farms were depleting less every day. As I researched into the major debating fray I found that close to people would harmonize that the innate foods are healthier to consume.The perfect industry has cast aside rocketed in the last couple years because of the messages that was sent out saying organic farming is safer and healthier for the milieu. precisely is it actually healthier for you in the long run? Other consumers argue that organic farming tin be dangerous and unsafe to digest due to the invisible toxins and pesticide found in organic produce could even be as dangerous as synthetic chemicals. Most people would agree that switching from a processed food nation to an organic food country would be best. But its easier said than done.Organic foods and processed foods are different in a lot of ways. Processed foods cut back more bad chemicals and bad fat per calorie than any other natural food. You preempt determine whether a food is processed by looking at the ingredient list. T he longer the ingredient list, the more processed a food is likely to be. Processed foods are ordinarily found in the center aisles of the grocery store and are more likely to contain ingredients that you are not able to recognize. Organic foods are foods that dont have any harmful fertilizers, pesticides or sewage.Animals that produce meats, poultry, or eggs and dont use any kind of steroids in the process are considered organic. thither are a lot of different sides to both of these categories. Most critics who agree with organic foods are humanitarians who conceptualise in renewable resources and not apply exotic chemicals that may be harmful to the environment. Also in this case it helps with how the animals are being treated. For example, in a processed factory for animals the cows are caged in tight corners and forced to eat so they are worth more.When animals are embossed by farmers, they have the freedom of a decent sized field and their manure bequeath decompose and fer tile the fetch. On the other hand processed food critics have done research that shows processed food saves on money and meets the demand of the growing population of consumers. The only way to meet this demand is by using steroids and food enhancers/substitutes. People buy processed foods because they have a longer expiration date and you can freeze them. It takes time to prepare a meal from organic foods.Processed foods can be make easily by adding water, boiling, frying or if youre an American like me, microwaving. Plus processed foods are typically cheaper, you fetch more bang for your buck. What is organic food? The term organic refers to the way coarse products are grown and processed. Specific requirements must be met and maintained in order for products to be labelled as organic. Organic crops must be grown in safe soil, have no modifications, and must remain separate from conventional products.Farmers are not allowed to use synthetic pesticides, bioengineered genes (GMO s), petroleum-based fertilizers, and sewage sludge-based fertilizers. nearly organic foods contain more vitamins than processed foods, according to Organic Facts. For example, organic milk contains more vitamins than non-organic milk. Organic milk is studyd to be of better quality because the cows that produce it eat a better diet, which includes crop for super parts of the day. Organic fruits and vegetables in addition tend to contain more vitamins than processed ones, according to nutritionist Shane Heaton.Not only do many organic foods contain more vitamins than processed foods, they as well as contain more antioxidants, according to Organic Facts. A University of California Davis study found that organically-raised tomatoes had higher concentrations of the antioxidants quercetin and kaempferol, both of which may protect the body against certain diseases by helping promote cell health. The researchers at the University of California Davis believe that organic foods contain more antioxidants because plants create antioxidants in order to defend themselves from plant-eating insects.Conventionally raised plants do not need to produce as many antioxidants because any plant-eating insects that might raven on them are controlled with insecticide. Because organic foods must be raised and processed without insecticides, herbicides or similar chemicals, the undefiled product available in the store usually contains fewer of these chemicals than processed foods, according to Heaton. Although many pesticide residues may be harmless to humans, people who are sensitive to others may experience symptoms that can be better by reducing the amount of conventionally processed food in the diet.Farmers as well use a cycling method when farming so they can slenderize the amount of bugs and pesticides. They exit plant different crops in each cycle so that they do not get the same pesticides returning. Organic farming is designed to protect the environment. By removin g chemicals and other artificial farming methods from the equation, you save soil and water and reduce pollution. Organic farmers also use more humane methods of producing their meat, eggs and other animal products. For those concerned with the environment or the treatment of the animals they eat, the peace of mind is worth the extra cost.With all of the good that comes from organic food what could possibly be some negative things about eating organic foods and why does everyone think that processed foods are so bad? Because organic farmers do not use artificial means to produce their products, they tend to produce less. Organic farming is also more expensive than conventional farming, as can be seen with the cost of using a chemical weed killer versus the manpower required to manually pull weeds and rotate crops, for example. The combination of trim lot production rates with higher overhead makes organic products more expensive.One can also argue on the fact that it may be more e nvironmentally friendly if you drive the shorter distance such(prenominal) as 50 miles to your local farmer to purchase food rather purchasing the organic food that has traveled over 1500 miles to get to you. Organic food can sometimes be limited to people, especially if you live in more rural areas. The most important issue that seems to affect all of America is the simple fact that because organic food is harder to process and is more time consuming to grow there is a shortage of it. Organic food does not come in huge quantities like other food does.So because of organic food being in high demand from grocery stores and other consumers the prices are extremely high. That then means there are a high percentage of people in our society that cannot afford to eat organic food, to me that is just reminding someone that they are basically poor. So what if they want to eat healthy as well? We are just going to say sorry you are out of luck because you cant afford it? Next lets talk abou t processed food. What is processed food? Processed foods have been altered from their natural state, either for safety intellectuals or for convenience.The methods used include canning, freezing, refrigeration, vapour and aseptic processing. Processed foods are very convenient for the society because they can usually be disposed(p) very quickly and allow minimal time and energy. By processing food we can also preserve food so that it go away have longer shelf bearing, allow us to lower prices, and get food to more rural areas. When we process food we are putting preservatives into them so that they will last longer which allows stores and consumers to sell them longer without them spoiling.By allowing the foods to not spoil as quickly as others the stores can lower the prices which allows everyone of all social classes to be able to buy the foods. Another huge reason that processed foods is very ideal for our society is the fact that we are able to get the food to more rural ar eas. When we transfer organic foods to rural areas it ends up costing more because to get it there in the first place the food would spoil would cost an extreme amount of money which then makes the prices of food go up.By being able to preserve the food so that its expiration date is longer we can get the food to rural areas in more effective ways that allows the environment to be safer and cleaner, then also reducing the prices in which more people can afford the food. We tend to think of processed food as bad, like most high-fat, high-calorie snack foods or even those prepackaged meals you fix in a skillet, but it turns out that some of these foods are not bad for your health at all. For example, milk would be considered a processed food because its pasteurized to kill bacteria and homogenized to keep fats from separating. around people prefer raw milk, but it can lead to lead to food-borne illness, so most of us are happy to consume the healthy processed milk we find in our groc ery stores. freezing vegetables preserves most vitamins and minerals and makes them convenient to store, cook and eat all year around. Fruit and vegetable juice is also an example of a healthy processed food usually. In fact, some orange juice is fortified with calcium to make it even more nutritious. Oatmeal, unbreaded frozen fish fillets, canned salmon, frozen berries and 100-percent whole grain bread are also examples of processed foods that are good for you.Sure, there are a lot of processed foods that arent good for you. Many of these bad ones are made with trans-fats, saturated fats, and large amounts of sodium and sugar. These processed foods should be avoided, or at least eaten sparingly. Processed foods are also more appealing to the eye and because of food additives they can taste even better. Basically the biggest downside to processed foods is one will lose a few nutrients. After researching these two topics I understood what the communal agreement was and the controv ersy that surrounded it. But I needed to find out what else needed to be further questioned.There wasnt a lot of information surrounding what affects it would have on the grocery stores. The prices that were listed on a trusted source showed that the organic food was often priced higher than any processed food items, usually forty to fifty percent more. This is because it takes a lot of steps to grow and distribute organic foods, here are some of the steps it takes to successfully distribute the produce. Prepare the field and properly fertile the land after the previous plants have been harvested, this process is what takes most of majority.They have to buy the seed themselves and base off what they want to sale the crop for to turn around for some profit. They also have to put in the man hours and distribution cost. As you can see it takes a lot of time to complete this process rather growing and distributing it all in one location like how the processed food organizations do it. A s I was saying I would like to see what the total cost was on organic food verses processed food, maybe from a big corporation like Wal-Mart to compare the differences.One other thing that I think should be a little more covered is the shelf life on an organic and non-organic food item. Because non-organic food has preservatives in them they can last a lot longer. In this case you would have to make less trips to the store and save money on gas, it will also help with the environment. But would it be worth it in the end. Organic foods can go bad very quickly but it require to be broken down to a science. How much longer will a processed mango last than organic mango. After the experiment has concluded customers will have more knowledge of what to buy accordingly.Between organic and processed foods organic foods may have more natural nutrients when eaten. But you can get just as good nutrients from processed foods. It really boils down to what one chooses to eat and what they prefer . There are alternative ways to getting all nutrients one needs for their body without having to pay a high price if you cant afford it. Even if you eat organic foods that doesnt mean someone will not indulge on the fatty foods such as ice cream, potato chips, etc. It comes down to what one will eat whether it is processed or organic.

Ashoka and the spread of buddhism

The reign of King Ashoka is one of the principal contributing factors in the spread of Buddhism from India to the rest of Asia and subsequent world.Although Buddhism was characteristically a missionary religion from its inception1, it was the through the royal condescension and efforts of King Ashoka the Buddhism really crossed Indian frontiers.It is generally agreed that Ashoka converted to Buddhism in the fourth social class after his coronation in 268 BC2. It was preceded by a period of violent wars and years of bloodshed that in the end transformed Ashoka and illuminated him towards the ideals of peace and co-existence of Buddhism.Ashoka, at the time of his transformation, was ruling the largest Indian empire that was matched only by British Rule almost 2000 years later on3. The absolute control over this vast territorial dominion by a Buddhist King was instrumental in the rapid growth of the religion.Ashoka took many move in encouraging the spread of Buddhism, through direc t patronage to sending missions and ambassadors to other countries. He direct missions to courts and rulers of Near East and Macedonia and to countries of South East Asia4 .Each mission was headed by an elder who went with five monks to preach the tenets and philosophical system of Buddhism5. The commitment of the Emperor was evident by the fact that he ordered his own son Mahindra and girlfriend Sanghmitra to head separate Buddhist Missions in South-East Asia, especially modern day Sri Lanka.The prestige and hold that Ashoka commanded played a large part in successful acceptance of his missions and conversion of people to Buddhism6.1 Damien Keown, Buddhism A Very nobble Introduction. Oxford University Press. 1996. 70 2 Ananda W.P.Guruge Emperor Asoka and Buddhism. http//www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/king_asoka.pdf. accessed 11.1.2006. 3 Damien Keown, Buddhism A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. 1996. 704 Damien Keown, Buddhism A Very Short Introduction. Oxford Uni versity Press. 1996. 705 Richard Gombrich Asoka The great Upasaka. http//www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/king_asoka.pdf. accessed 11.1.2006 6 John C. Powers. Buddhism, An Introduction. http//www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/buddhism/spread.html accessed. 11.1.2006.

Mexican War and the Spanish American War Essay

Both the Mexican struggle and the Spanish War were a result of unfair treatment against weaker domains. The origins of the Mexican War lay with the fall in States and its expansionistic policies. Most the Statesns believed they had a divine right to bring their culture among others, because they were superior. This belief was put forth by Manifest Destiny, which had been travel around the United States for a long time. The ignorance possessed by the Americans show no courtesy toward the Mexicans. nether the administration of President Polk, America adopted an self-asserting expansion policy that often ignored umpteen inferior countries. In 1492, it was Spain whom sailed across the Ocean and colonized the Amerindian nations of the Western Hemisphere. At its greatest extent, the empire that resulted from this geographic expedition extended from Virginia on the eastern coast of the United States south to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America excluding Brazil and westward t o California and Alaska.The ambitious United States paid no attention to Spain and aggressively desire to a greater extent territory and influence in Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. The war started when the United States declared war on Spain afterward the sinking of an American vessel (Battleship Main) in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898. They war ended on December 10, 1898 after the unfair Treaty of capital of France, in which Spain lost all of its overseas possessions including Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, Guam, and many others. Both the Mexican War and the Spanish American War were a direct result in the abusive ways of superior power and influence.Manifest Destiny was more encouraged when Polk became President. He was elective president because of his strong support in bringing Oregon and Texas into the Union. President Polk was clearly the antagonist when he sent troops under General Zachary Taylor into land that Mexico held sovereignty, sparking a war. Polk now drafted a message to telling Mexico had passed the boundary of the United States, had invaded our territory and shed American blood on American soil. Whether the Mexicans had fired the number one shot or the Americans, whether the armies were on Mexican territory or American territory, Polk got his war. Despite the plea of innocence, Mexico can non unravel blame for the war. Mexico neer had a strong rudimentaryized government to negotiate with a foreign state.Mexico was never evensuccessful in governing themselves for the time being. Mexico was on the verge of bankruptcy and their army was inadequately trained and equipped. The country was awash with political turmoil throughout the war, indeed, throughout the century, making it near impractical for them to ever conduct a sound defense of the country. Nevertheless, the United States, as a superior nation under Polks Presidency assumed an aggressive war like attitude toward Mexico without consideration of the Mexi can stance.The conflict between the Spanish and Americans grew dramatically when General Valeriano Weyler began implementing a policy of Reconcentration that moved the population into central locations guarded by Spanish troops and placed the entire country of Cuba under martial police in February 1896. The American government was once again sounding to exploit their defenseless neighbors and gain more influence in the countries. The main targets were Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Cuba was the first to initiate its own struggle for independence from Spain. America, being the adjacent superior power intervened in Cubas affairs.The Philippines were also growing intolerable to Spanish rule, and the United States took amuse in the Philippines. Following its declaration of war against Spain issued on April 25, 1898, the United States added the Teller Amendment asserting that it would not exploit to exercise hegemony over Cuba. Under Commodore George Dewy at the Battle of M anila Bay on whitethorn 1st, the Spanish fleet under Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo was destroyed. The most disrespect followed the signing of the Treaty of Paris when Spain lost all of its overseas possessions.The superior powers, such as the United States, are always looking to profit themselves. During the Mexican war and the Spanish-American War, the dominance and ethnocentric ideals that America held flourished in many un-called-for, disrespectful disputes. The aggressive stance the troops held under Zachary Taylor under the orders of President Polk did not give room for negotiation. If the United States did not get what they wanted, they would insist by force, not by allowing the inferior nation in their eyes to constrain suggestions that regard their country and dignity. Both the Mexican War and the Spanish-American War resulted because of the unfair and unjust treatment that the United States held in their so-called foreign policy.Hispanic Division program library of Congre ss http//lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.htmlA heap A Nation 6th EditionThe Mexican American War Memorial Homepage -from UMANThe Mexican American War Memorial Homepage -from UMANHispanic Division Library of Congress http//lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.htmlHispanic Division Library of Congress http//lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html

“Nobody Knows” and “Maboroshi”: Films about Pain and Struggle

These deuce Japanese gets were directed by the critically acclaimed director Hirokazu Koreida. Both photos were well trustworthy by the general public. These two considers also garnered numerous awards and argon known for their compelling storylines. Film critics about the world praised these two films on almost every dep cheatment. Maboroshi was released in 1995, while No clay Knows was released in 2004. there is a noticeable gap between the times these two movies were released, but director Hirokazu Koreida never unconnected his style and vision in film making.Maboroshi is Koreidas first film. It revolves around the life of a cleaning woman named Yomiko. After her husband come outted suicide, she was left miserable and alone. She struggled to put the past behind as she was consumed by pain and depression. As she struggles to battle her own insecurities, regrets and doubts, she is forced to resolve the inexplicable cause for her regret finished an eventual renewal of lov e and companionship. It seems that Yumiko cannot escape the ghost of the past.Yet, she has renewed hope and comfort in the arms of another man. She decided to marry this man who is a fisherman. This man was lost after a storm came while he was fishing at the sea. After his return, Yomiko was never the same. Her doubts and fears have consumed her. She was also impress with anxiety. She was stuck in the past, lost in thoughts that could shape pain and depression. These be the reasons why she could not fully commit herself to her second husband.The film zero knows is a story about quaternion children who were abandoned by their parents. The film was based on actual events which took place in 1988. It was said that the actual even was more discourage than the movie adaptation. The story begins when a woman named Keiko abandons her young children in a shabby apartment in an unknown Japanese city. She left her children with almost no money for survival. Her casing shows us how irr esponsible parents could be.Akira, her firstborn son, took the role of their parents. He had to take care of his three siblings. He tried his best to be a good parent by borrowing money from people he knew and even gave gifts for his siblings during Christmas. The film gives a picture of how hard life can be in an urban setting, where life is fast and lonesome(prenominal) the fittest would survive. The film is about the struggle of these four children in determination comfort, security, happiness and salvation.Film Analysis and semblanceThe analysis and comparing will be divided into three parts. The first part will getup the technical aspects of twain films. Then the second part will tackle the theme and the story of both films. We will try to see if the two films are somewhat parallel. The last part of the analysis and comparison is about the message of the two films.Technical AspectsSince both films were directed by the same person, they do not differ that much in terms of the technical stuff. These two films boast greatness in cinematography. The shots were meticulously framed and scenes were carefully orchestrated. The lighting in both films helped a passel in accentuating the mood and feeling that a certain scene elicits. This was more evident in Maboroshi.The film has a distinct resourcefulness which was achieved by the contrast of colors and proper lighting effects. There are scenes from the film that actually looks manage a canvass. The primary colors came in very effectively to highlight certain objects. An example would be the moving vehicles which brings luminous contrast. Even just the small details like the pink ball thrown by a child, the illuminated rooms bathed in light, and the blue paint in fishing boats were are all captivating. The film is pleasing to the eye. The scenes from this film were shot from a distance, making it more like a piece of artwork.This actually makes the audience feel distant from the characters and the story . Maboroshi could be described as an art film that is crafted by a master artist. Just like Maboroshi, Nobody Knows can also be called an art film. It is quite different because it is like a documentary. The film feels more like a documentary on the story of the four abandoned children rather than a regular film. It is quite noticeable that there are whole few dialogues in both films. Certain scenes are actually shot pretty massive and camera movement was seldom.The sparse dialogue and minimalist production actually worked well with Nobody Knows because it make the film more authentic. The movies slow pace and quietness made the plot base up more emotional. The sets close quarters and bright lighting puts emphasis on the isolation and devastation of the childrens apartment. The documentary style of filming that was busy in this film allowed the audience to see things from the childrens channelise of view.Both films were well directed and the actors gave a winderful performanc e. Since dialogue was sparse in both films, the body movement and facial expression of the actors had to play a big part in the story telling. We should honor the actors in both films because they de startred well in this department. A number of them actually garnered acting awards. Yuya Yugira (Akira) from Nobody Knows won best actor at the Cannes Film Festival. He was only a novice at that time. Koreida revealed the emotions and thoughts of his characters through the use of body movement and facial expressions. Emotions could be felt even by just looking at at the eyes of the children. The best directors simply know how to use this style. The connection between the characters and the audience is the railyard result of these stylistic choices.The Story and ThemeIf we look deeper into these two films, we will notice that their respective themes are quite parallel. Maboroshi and Nobody Knows both talk about pain and struggle. These two themes are the driving forces of the two films . If we look back and recall the plot of Maboroshi, we would notice that the story is about the pain and struggles that the main character (Yomiko) was going through. She was always in a situation wherein she has to confront her pain and struggles. This is the same for the movie Nobody Knows. The story was also about pain and struggle. The four abandoned kids had to go through a lot because they had irresponsible parents. The whole story was about their struggle for survival and their continuous search for salvation.The director employed the proper style and method to illustrate these two themes. The quietness and sparse dialogues helped a lot in relating these two themes to the audience. This is also the same reason why the two films are somewhat depressing. Although its prerequisite that films about these themes should be dark and gloomy, the use of contrast and a little bit of humor could compose be effective. Director Hirokazu Koreida was successful in utilizing this style.In Maboroshi, he used contrast of colors to bring light into the overall mood of the story. He made the audience see beauty amidst the gloom that surrounds the film. In Nobody Knows, he used a bit of humor and optimism that is quite unexpected in the switch of situations. There was a part when one of the kids had these funny squeaking shoes which could represent the privilege of finding hope as they leave their shelter for the first time.The two films are about the universal concept of pain. They explore the emotion that makes us human. The question on how to deal with it is actually answered in the two films.contentMaboroshi is a Japanese word that loosely translates to illusory light. It is an incomprehensible mirage that occasionally unveils itself along the waves of the sea, leading galore(postnominal) curious sailors to their impending doom. Its origin is still a mystery. Nobody knows why men are lured by its worldly promises. There are things in this world that cannot be expla ined. There are events that are incomprehensible. It only reminds us of our limitations and our humanity. The lesson that we can draw from the film is that there tragedies and misfortunes in life that we cannot immediately understand, but this does not mean that we should give up on our search for redemption and recovery. One must learn to contain these tragedies to be able to move on with life.The message that we can draw from Nobody Knows is similar to Maboroshi. The film shows us that there is hope amidst the worst of situations. Akira showed courage and devotion, even though it seemed that the weight of the world is upon him. The four siblings showed determination to survive, hoping that someday they will find a place in the harsh world they live in.Maboroshi and Nobody Knows were crafted artistically. They are unique, full of emotion, and captivating. They reach through the hearts of the audience, pleading for sympathy and compassion. These two films are undeniably deserving o f the praise and recognition they have received.

Research and experimental development Essay

imagine into and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative transaction undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, farming and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise bleak applications. (OECD (2002) Frascati Manual proposed standard practice for surveys on question and experimental development, 6th edition.)1 It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve youthful or existing businesss, hold water theorems, or develop new theories. A explore project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. To examen the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, interrogation may replicate elements of prior projects, or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of elementary question (as opposed to applied research) argon documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancem ent of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. in that location be several forms of research scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, etc. Contents hide1 Forms of research2 Etymology3 Definitions4 stairs in conducting research5 Scientific research6 Historical method7 look into methods8 Publishing9 Research funding10 Original research10.1 divergent forms11 Artistic research12 See also13 References14 Further edition15 External linksForms of researchedit opening editbetaScientific research relies on the application of the scientific method, a harnessing of curiosity. This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature and the properties of the world. It makes practical applications possible. Scientific research is funded by state-supported authorities, by charit open organizations and b y private groups, including many companies. Scientific research can be subdivided into assorted classifications concord to their donnish and application disciplines. Scientific research is a widely used criterion for assessment the standing of an academic institution, much(prenominal) as business schools, but some argue that such is an incorrect assessment of the institution, because the quality of research does non tell about the quality of teaching (these do non necessarily correlate totally).2Research in the humanities involves different methods such as for example hermeneutics and semiotics, and a different, more relativist epistemology. Humanities scholars usually do not search for the ultimate correct answer to a question, but instead explore the issues and details that surround it. Context is always important, and context can be social, diachronic, political, cultural or ethnic. An example of research in the humanities is historical research, which is embodied in h istorical method. Historians use primary ejaculates and other evidence to systematically investigate a topic, and thus to write histories in the form of accounts of the past. Artistic research, also seen as practice-based research, can take form when creative whole kit and caboodle be considered both the research and the object of research itself. It is the debatable body of thought which offers an alternative to rigorously scientific methods in research in its search for knowledge and truth. Etymologyedit seminal fluid editbetaAristotle, 384 BC 322 BC, one of the too soon figures in the development of the scientific method.3 The password research is derived from the Middle French recherche, which means to go about seeking, the term itself being derived from the Old French term recerchier a compound word from re- + cerchier, or sercher, meaning search.4 The earliest recorded use of the term was in 1577.4 Definitionsedit source editbetaResearch has been defined in a number of different ways.A wide of the mark definition of research is accustomed by Martyn Shuttleworth In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of entropy, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge.5 other definition of research is given by Creswell who states Research is a process of move used to roll up and analyze information to increase our intellect of a topic or issue. It consists of three steps Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question.6 The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines research in more detail as a studious inquiry or examination especially investigating or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the unclouded of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws.4 Steps in conducting researchedit source editbetaResearch is much conducted use the hourglass model structure of research.7 The hourglass model starts with a broad spectrum for research, focusing in on the required information through the method of the project (like the neck of the hourglass), then expands the research in the form of discussion and results. The major(ip) steps in conducting research are8 denomination of research problemLiterature recapSpecifying the purpose of researchDetermine specific research questions or hypothesesData collectionAnalyzing and interpreting the dataReporting and evaluating researchCommunicating the research findings and, possibly, recommendations The steps by and large represent the overall process, however they should be viewed as an ever-changing process rather than a improve set of steps.9 Most researches begin with a general statement of the problem, or rather, the purpose for engaging in the study.10 The literature review identifies flaws or holes in previous research which provides justification for the study. Often, a literatur e review is conducted in a given subject area before a research question is identified.A gap in the current literature, as identified by a researcher, then engenders a research question. The research question may be parallel to the possible action. The hypothesis is the supposition to be tested. The researcher(s) collects data to test the hypothesis. The researcher(s) then analyzes and interprets the data via a variety of statistical methods, engaging in what is known as confirmable research. The results of the data analysis in confirming or failing to reject the Null hypothesis are then reported and evaluated. At the end the researcher may discuss avenues for further research. Rudolph Rummel says, no researcher should accept any one or two tests as definitive. It is only when a range of tests are consistent over many kinds of data, researchers, and methods can one have confidence in the results.11 Scientific researchedit source editbetaMain article Scientific methodPrimary sci entific research being carried out at the Microscopy Laboratory of the Idaho National Laboratory.Scientific research equipment at MIT. for the most part, research is understood to follow a certain(a) structural process. Though step order may vary depending on the subject matter and researcher, the quest steps are usually part of most formal research, both basic and applied Observations and arrangement of the topic Consists of the subject area of ones interest and pastime that subject area to conduct subject think research. The subject area should not be randomly chosen since it requires reading a vast keep down of literature on the topic to determine the gap in the literature the researcher intends to narrow. A needlelike interest in the chosen subject area is advisable. The research exit have to be justify by linking its importance to already existing knowledge about the topic.Hypothesis A testable prediction which designates the family kin between two or more variables. Conceptual definition Description of a concept by relating it to other concepts. Operational definition Details in regards to defining the variables and how they will be measured/assessed in the study. Gathering of data Consists of identifying a population and selecting samples, gathering information from and/or about these samples by using specific research instruments. The instruments used for data collection must be valid and reliable. Analysis of data Involves breaking down the individual pieces of data in order to draw conclusions about it. Data explanation This can be represented through tables, figures and pictures, and then described in words. Test, revising of hypothesisConclusion, reiteration if necessaryA common misconception is that a hypothesis will be proven (see, rather, Null hypothesis). Generally a hypothesis is used to make predictions that can be tested by observing the consequence of an experiment. If the outcome is inconsistent with the hypothesis, then the hy pothesis is rejected (see falsifiability). However, if the outcome is consistent with the hypothesis, the experiment is said to support the hypothesis. This careful language is used because researchers recognize that alternative hypotheses may also be consistent with the notices. In this sense, a hypothesis can never be proven, but rather only supported by surviving rounds of scientific testing and, eventually, becoming widely thought of as true.A useful hypothesis allows prediction and within the accuracy of observation of the time, the prediction will be verified. As the accuracy of observation improves with time, the hypothesis may no longer provide an accurate prediction. In this case a new hypothesis will arise to challenge the old, and to the extent that the new hypothesis makes more accurate predictions than the old, the new will supplant it. Researchers can also use a null hypothesis, which state no relationship or difference between the independent or dependent variables. A null hypothesis uses a sample of all possible people to make a conclusion about the population.12 Historical methodedit source editbetaMain article Historical methodGerman historian Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886), considered to be one of the founders of modern source-based history. The historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use historical sources and other evidence to research and then to write history. There are various history guidelines commonly used by historians in their work, under theheadings of external criticism, inborn criticism, and synthesis. This includes lower criticism and sensual criticism. Though items may vary depending on the subject matter and researcher, the following concepts are part of most formal historical research13 Identification of origin date exhibit of localizationRecognition of authorshipAnalysis of dataIdentification of integrityAttribution of credibilityResearch methodsedit source editbetaThe goal of the re search process is to find new knowledge or deepen understanding of a topic or issue. This process takes three main forms (although, as previously discussed, the boundaries between them may be obscure) Exploratory research, which helps to identify and define a problem or question. Constructive research, which tests theories and proposes solutions to a problem or question. Empirical research, which tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical evidence.The research room at the New York Public Library, an example of secondary research in progress. There are two major types of research design qualitative research and quantitative research. Researchers choose qualitative or quantitative methods according to the nature of the research topic they want to investigate and the research questions they aim to answerMaurice Hilleman is credited with miserliness more lives than any other scientist of the 20th century.14 Qualitative researchUnderstanding of human behavior and the reasons t hat determine such behavior. Asking a broad question and store data in the form of words, images, telly etc that is analyzed searching for themes. This type of research aims to investigate a question without attempting to quantifiably measure variables or look to potential relationships between variables. It is viewed as more restrictive in testing hypotheses because it can be dear(predicate) and time consuming, and typically limited to a single set of research subjectscitation needed. Qualitative research is often used as a method of exploratory research as a basis for later on quantitative research hypothesescitation needed. Qualitative research is linked with the philosophical and theoretical stance of social constructionism. vicenary researchSystematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships. Asking a narrow question and collecting numerical data to analyze utilizing statistical methods. The quantitative research designs are experimental, correlational, and survey (or descriptive).15 Statistics derived from quantitative research can be used to establish the existence of associative or causal relationships between variables. decimal research is linked with the philosophical and theoretical stance of positivism. The Quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categoriescitation needed.These methods produce results that are easy to summarize, compare, and generalizecitation needed. Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest. Depending on the research question, participants may be randomly assigned to different treatments (this is the only way that a quantitative study can be considered a true experiment)citation needed. If this is not feasible, the researcher may collect data on participa nt and situational characteristics in order to statistically match for their influence on the dependent, or outcome, variable. If the intent is to generalize from the research participants to a larger population, the researcher will employ probability sampling to select participants.16 In either qualitative or quantitative research, the researcher(s) may collect primary or secondary data.Primary data is data collected specifically for the research, such as through interviews or questionnaires. Secondary data is data that already exists, such as numerate data, which can be re-used for the research. It is good ethical research practice to use secondary data wherever possible.17 Mixed-method research, i.e. research that includes qualitative and quantitative elements, using both primary and secondary data, is becoming more common.18 Publishingedit source editbetaCover of the first issue of Nature, 4 November 1869.Academic pening describes a system that is necessary in order for aca demic scholars to peer review the work and make it available for a wider audience. The system varies widely by field, and is also always changing, if often slowly. Most academic work is published in diary article or book form. There is also a large body of research that exists in either a thesis or dissertation form. These forms of research can be found in databases explicitly for theses and dissertations. In publishing, STM publishing is an abbreviation for academic publications in science, technology, and medicine. Most established academic fields have their own journals and other outlets for publication, though many academic journals are somewhat interdisciplinary, and publish work from several distinct fields or subfields. The kinds of publications that are accepted as contributions of knowledge or research vary greatly between fields from the print to the electronic format. A study suggests that researchers should not give great consideration to findings that are not replicate d frequently.19 It has also been suggested that all published studies should be